The gathering concluded that Yala is representative – not just about glaciers in Nepal, but something happening across the Hindu Kush Himalaya, and the world. In that sense, Yala represents the true casualties of global warming.

Locals of Langtang, Nepal, and glaciologists from four glaciated countries in the Hindu Kush Himalayas (HKH) gathered to mark the accelerating disappearance of Nepal’s Yala Glacier in Langtang, Nepal, on Monday 12 May – the day observed as Budha Jayanti, of the Budha’s birthday, according to the Hindu lunar calendar. 

Yala, which has shrunk by 66 per cent and retreated 784M since it was first measured in the 1970s is projected to be among the first Nepali glaciers to join the growing numbers of glaciers declared ‘dead’ worldwide.  

Over 50 people, including Buddhist monks and members of local community, and glacier experts from Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal completed the arduous high-altitude trek to attend the “poignant” tribute event today on Monday, which featured a Buddhist ceremony, speeches, and the unveiling of two granite memorial plaques which will sit at the foot of where the glacier today stands.  

Yala is notable not just for its rapid retreat, but also, thanks to its proximity to Kathmandu relative to other glacierised areas, for the central role it has played in advancing cryosphere research in a region that is known for lacking research capacity.  

Circa 100 people, including Afghan, Chinese, Indian, Nepali and Pakistani nationals, have trained as glaciologists on Yala since ICIMOD started running training field visits to the site in 2011, and the glacier has served as a research site for 50 years. 

Despite their importance in the provision of water for river flow on which billions of people rely and the fact that mountains in the region hold the largest mass of ice and snowpack outside the two geographic polar regions, glaciers in the Hindu Kush Himalayas are hugely understudied.  

The Gods Dream

Yala is one of just seven glaciers in the entire 3,500km-long arc of the Hindu Kush Himalayas to have been monitored annually for a decade or more and it is one of 38 glaciers with in-situ measurements, providing crucial data on the speed and extent of losses.  

Earth’s mountains have lost close to nine trillion tonnes of ice since records began in 1975 – the equivalent of a 2.72-metre thick block of ice the size India. On current melt rates, many glaciers worldwide will not survive the 21st century.  

The stones left at the base of the glacier carry messages by two world-famous authors, Manjushree Thapa and Andri Snaer Magnason, in English, Nepali and locally spoken Tibetan. Both authors have also backed ICIMOD’s #SaveOurSnow campaign and asked for their author fees to be donated to local climate action.  

Thapa’s inscription states: “Yala, where the gods dream high in the mountains, where the cold is divine. Dream of life in rock, sediment, and snow, in the pulverizing of ice and earth, in meltwater pools the colour of sky. Dream. Dream of a glacier and the civilizations downstream. Entire ecosystems: our own sustenance. The cosmos. And all that we know and all that we love.” 

Magnason’s inscription reads: “A message to the future: Yala glacier is one of 54,000 glaciers in the Hindu Kush Himalayas, most of which are expected to vanish this century due to global warming. This monument is to acknowledge that we know what is happening and what needs to be done. Only you know if we did it. May 2025 426ppm CO2 [parts per million of carbon dioxide] in the atmosphere.”

Interconnectedness

Yala is the first glacier in Asia and the third glacier worldwide to carry a version of these words by Magnason. Plaques bearing his message also sit at the site of the world’s first glacier funeral, which took place in Magnason’s native Iceland in 2019, for OK Glacier, and at the site of the funeral for Ayoloco glacier in Mexico in 2021.  

Funerals have also been held for the Swiss Pizol glacier in 2019, Clark glacier in Oregon in 2020, and Basodino glacier in Switzerland in 2021.  

In 2021, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), with the United Nations, marked the disappearance of Lemthang Glacier, in Bhutan, which was wiped out by a glacial lake outburst flood in 2017. 

The tribute to Yala was organised by ICIMOD, working with local authority partners, including Gosaikunda Rural Municipality Ward No 4.   

“Yala’s accelerating disappearance is totemic of the disastrous de-glaciation and loss of snowpack we’re now seeing unfold across Earth’s mountains at a pace that far outstrips scientists’ worst-case scenarios,” said Pema Gyamtsho, Director General ICIMOD. 

“It’s vital that business and political leaders worldwide understand that this region’s future prosperity and security – our food production, our water supplies, our industries, our energy, and our national security – are intimately bound up in the preservation of glaciers. Our common future is absolutely contingent on greater regional cooperation to manage these shared resources, and rapid emissions reductions and the acceleration of the transition to clean energy to limit glacier losses.” 

Shyam Saran, former foreign secretary and special envoy for and chief negotiator on climate change for India, who is attending the Government of Nepal’s Sagarmatha Sambaad event this week said: “I’ve trekked the mountains of the Himalayas for decades. The pace and scale of the deglaciation and loss of snowpack happening now, and which I’ve seen with my own eyes, is truly breathtaking.   

“While this thawing is currently upping the water available for Asia’s major economies and huge urban centres, we know this water is set to decline from mid-century – just 25 years from now. This has major implications for this region.  

“Tragically, the issues that divide us today, and which are rightly commanding so much global attention right now, are set to be dwarfed by the kinds of disasters we’ll be facing if we don’t recognise our interconnectedness with the ecological systems that support us, and act together, for our common future, now.” 

Global Warming

ICIMOD’s glacier monitoring is supported by the Government of Norway and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation.  

Sharad Prasad Joshi, a Cryosphere Analyst at ICIMOD and Nepal’s national correspondent for the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) was also at the event. The tribute event will be the fourteenth year and the twenty-sixth time that Joshi has visited Yala. 

Speaking on the eve of the event he said: “On the one hand, I’m incredibly proud that this glacier has served as an open book, to train the next generation of researchers in this field in a region where our capacity to monitor and therefore predict and act on what is happening to these vital water reserves continues to lag so far behind that of other countries’ and cryosphere zones.

“But to see how quickly the glacier has retreated is incredibly sad, on a personal level, and as a researcher. 

“As a researcher, I studied where the glacier used to be, in 1981. It feels like a dream, to see how drastically it’s changed in those 50 years and how those changes have accelerated since my first trip here in 2011, to know and see with my own eyes the pace of the retreat and how low the glacier has sunk since I’ve been coming here. Locally, the pasture land is now so dry the yak herders cannot graze their livestock here. 

“Instead of a white glacier, it’s rocky, with debris. Aesthetically, and on a personal level, this is incredibly sad. As a researcher, I know what huge implications – the exposed bedrock means there’s no longer albedo, so this will trigger further temperature rise. And of course the loss of this and other glaciers has implications for water, livelihoods, and more downstream.   

The gathering concluded that Yala is representative – not just about glaciers in Nepal, but something happening across the Hindu Kush Himalaya, and the world. In that sense, Yala represents the true casualties – all glaciers in Nepal are now receding – of global warming.