Energy

The funds, primarily structured as low-interest concessional loans through Germany's development bank KfW, will target key priority areas aligned with India's ambitious climate goals and the broader framework of the Green and Sustainable Development Partnership (GSDP), launched in 2022.

Experts argue that meeting Nepal’s 2045 net-zero target and Sustainable Development Goal 7 – affordable and clean energy for all – will require a fundamental rethink of biogas policy.

The approval comes with an attractive package of incentives designed to catalyse both investment and environmental impact.

In a landmark two-day visit (December 4–5, 2025) by Vladimir Putin to New Delhi, the governments of India and Russia unveiled one of the most extensive packages of bilateral agreements in recent years.

The government’s aggressive renewable energy agenda has been instrumental, with a suite of policies designed to hit 500 GW non-fossil capacity by 2030.

In 2025, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels are projected to reach an unprecedented level, underscoring the widening gap between climate ambition and reality.

While the gathering in Belém sets the tone for two weeks of negotiations, the key test will be whether developed countries step up to match rhetoric with financial, technological and capacity-building support. India and its partners argue that ambition without means is hollow.

For developing nations, which often host vulnerable ecosystems and communities yet bear the least historic responsibility for emissions, the risks are particularly acute. The...