Critics argue that the tribunal, revived by Hasina’s own government in 2009 to try wartime crimes, has now transformed into a tool against political adversaries.
The absence of female panel members in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s ADR committees and the exclusion of non-Muslim members make clear that what may appear as decentralised and accessible justice may in practice perpetuate discrimination.
While the gathering in Belém sets the tone for two weeks of negotiations, the key test will be whether developed countries step up to match rhetoric with financial, technological and capacity-building support. India and its partners argue that ambition without means is hollow.
Transformation also requires partnerships. Governments, research institutions, financial institutions, civil society organizations, CSR initiatives, and the private sector each have a vital role in building an ecosystem where smallholders can thrive.
Transformation also requires partnerships. Governments, research institutions, financial institutions, civil society organizations, CSR initiatives, and the private sector each have a vital role in building an ecosystem where smallholders can thrive.