In August 1971, President Richard Nixon, without any international consultations, launched what became known as the Nixon Shock. He broke the link between gold and the US dollar, thereby ending the international monetary system established in 1944.
The 1910s and 1920s debates between the Second and Third Internationals of Social Democrats and allied movements in Europe and beyond involved contrasting positions on WW1 and imperialism.
The UN adopted the Genocide Convention 1948 and it went into effect in 1951. Among the punishable offenses are “acts committed with intent to destroy in whole or in part a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.”
The Trump administration’s focus on Mexico and Canada reflects the fact that they, along with China, are by some distance America’s major source of goods imports, each accounting for in excess of $400 billion in 2023.
UN agencies responded on Tuesday to President Trump’s executive orders ending US membership of the World Health Organization and its adherence to the Paris Climate Agreement, highlighting the massive potential negative impact on public health and efforts to curb global warming.
Pakistan can see the writing on the wall and knows that it must refrain from using the heyday of the alliance during the early years of the Cold War as the baseline because that world no longer exists. More importantly, Pakistan is no longer the same.
By documenting distinct national patterns while highlighting shared vulnerabilities, the assessment provides a common analytical foundation for policymakers, investigators and health authorities.
By addressing tariff distortions, policy unpredictability and underinvestment in knowledge and infrastructure, the country can better convert its agricultural strengths into higher export earnings, more productive jobs and broader economic gains.
By documenting distinct national patterns while highlighting shared vulnerabilities, the assessment provides a common analytical foundation for policymakers, investigators and health authorities.