Despite short-term improvements when winds disperse pollutants, Pakistan’s larger “smog season,” which typically lasts from October through February, has become a recurring annual crisis with economic and social costs that reverberate beyond public health into education, productivity and infrastructure planning.
International experience shows that well-designed TVET systems can reduce youth unemployment, raise female labour force participation, and support economic diversification.
Analyses have flagged the potential for El Niño to push food inflation into double digits in import-dependent economies, compounding pressures on households still recovering from earlier crises.
International experience shows that well-designed TVET systems can reduce youth unemployment, raise female labour force participation, and support economic diversification.
Analyses have flagged the potential for El Niño to push food inflation into double digits in import-dependent economies, compounding pressures on households still recovering from earlier crises.