As India targets scientific closure of around 147 mines in the near term while maintaining energy security, tools such as SUVIKALP will determine whether mined-out landscapes become liabilities or assets.
Critics from environmental organisations and civil society have described the current legal interpretation as a “simplification that fails to respect the Aravallis’ complex ecology”, warning that it could gradually weaken the shield that the mountain system provides against desertification, water scarcity, and biodiversity loss.