More

    A New Way to Spot Life-threatening Infections in Cancer Patients

    FeaturesA New Way to Spot Life-threatening Infections in Cancer...
    - Advertisment -

    A New Way to Spot Life-threatening Infections in Cancer Patients

    Leuko, founded by a research team at MIT, is giving doctors a noninvasive way to monitor cancer patients’ health during chemotherapy — no blood tests needed.

    By Zach Winn   |   MIT News

    Chemotherapy and other treatments that take down cancer cells can also destroy patients’ immune cells. Every year, that leads tens of thousands of cancer patients with weakened immune systems to contract infections that can turn deadly if unmanaged.

    Doctors must strike a balance between giving enough chemotherapy to eradicate cancer while not giving so much that the patient’s white blood cell count gets dangerously low, a condition known as neutropenia. It can also leave patients socially isolated in between rounds of chemotherapy. Currently, the only way for doctors to monitor their patients’ white blood cells is through blood tests.

    Now Leuko is developing an at-home white blood cell monitor to give doctors a more complete view of their patients’ health remotely. Rather than drawing blood, the device uses light to look through the skin at the top of the fingernail, and artificial intelligence to analyze and detect when white blood cells reach dangerously low levels.

    The technology was first conceived of by researchers at MIT in 2015. Over the next few years, they developed a prototype and conducted a small study to validate their approach. Today, Leuko’s devices have accurately detected low white blood cell counts in hundreds of cancer patients, all without drawing a single drop of blood.

    - Advertisement -

    “We expect this to bring a clear improvement in the way that patients are monitored and cared for in the outpatient setting,” says Leuko co-founder and CTO Ian Butterworth, a former research engineer in MIT’s Research Laboratory of Electronics. “I also think there’s a more personal side of this for patients. These people can feel vulnerable around other people, and they don’t currently have much they can do. That means that if they want to see their grandkids or see family, they’re constantly wondering, ‘Am I at high risk?’”

    The company has been working with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over the last four years to design studies confirming their device is accurate and easy to use by untrained patients. Later this year, they expect to begin a pivotal study that will be used to register for FDA approval.

    Once the device becomes an established tool for patient monitoring, Leuko’s team believes it could also give doctors a new way to optimize cancer treatment.

    “Some of the physicians that we have talked to are very excited because they think future versions of our product could be used to personalize the dose of chemotherapy given to each patient,” says Leuko co-founder and CEO Carlos Castro-Gonzalez, a former postdoc at MIT. “If a patient is not becoming neutropenic, that could be a sign that you could increase the dose. Then every treatment could be based on how each patient is individually reacting.”

    Monitoring immune health

    Leuko co-founders Ian Butterworth, Carlos Castro-Gonzalez, Aurélien Bourquard, and Alvaro Sanchez-Ferro came to MIT in 2013 as part of the Madrid-MIT M+Vision Consortium, which was a collaboration between MIT and Madrid and is now part of MIT linQ. The program brought biomedical researchers from around the world to MIT to work on translational projects with institutions around Boston and Madrid.

    The program, which was originally run out of MIT’s Research Laboratory of Electronics, challenged members to tackle huge unmet needs in medicine and connected them with MIT faculty members from across the Institute to build solutions. Leuko’s founders also received support from MIT’s entrepreneurial ecosystem, including the Venture Mentoring Service, the Sandbox Innovation Fund, the Martin Trust Center for Entrepreneurship, and the Deshpande Center. After its MIT spinout, the company raised seed and series A financing rounds led by Good Growth Capital and HTH VC.

    “I didn’t even realize that entrepreneurship was a career option for a PhD [like myself],” Castro-Gonzalez says. “I was thinking that after the fellowship I would apply for faculty positions. That was the career path I had in mind, so I was very excited about the focus at MIT on trying to translate science into products that people can benefit from.”

    Leuko’s founders knew people with cancer stood to benefit the most from a noninvasive white blood cell monitor. Unless patients go to the hospital, they can currently monitor only their temperature from home. If they show signs of a fever, they’re advised to go to the emergency room immediately.

    “These infections happen quite frequently,” Sanchez-Ferro says. “One in every six cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy will develop an infection where their white blood cells are critically low. Some of those infections unfortunately end in deaths for patients, which is particularly terrible because they’re due to the treatment rather than the disease. [Infections] also mean the chemotherapy gets interrupted, which increases negative clinical outcomes for patients.”

    Leuko’s optical device works through imaging the capillaries, or small blood vessels, just above the fingernail, which are more visible and already used by doctors to assess other aspects of vascular health. The company’s portable device analyzes white blood cell activity to detect critically low levels for care teams.

    In a study of 44 patients in 2019, Leuko’s team showed the approach was able to detect when white blood cell levels dropped below a critical threshold, with minimal false positives. The team has since developed a product that another, larger study showed unsupervised patients can use at home to get immune information to doctors.

    “We work completely noninvasively, so you can perform white blood cell measurements at home and much more frequently than what’s possible today,” Bourquard says. “The key aspect of this is it allows doctors to identify patients whose immune systems become so weak they’re at high risk of infection. If doctors have that information, they can provide preventative treatment in the form of antibiotics and growth factors. Research estimates that would eliminate 50 percent of hospitalizations.”

    Expanding applications

    Leuko’s founders believe their device will help physicians make more informed care decisions for patients. They also believe the device holds promise for monitoring patient health across other conditions.

    “The long-term vision for the company is making this available to other patient populations that can also benefit from increased monitoring of their immune system,” Castro-Gonzalez says. “That includes patients with multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diseases, organ transplants, and patients that are rushed into the emergency room.”

    Leuko’s team even sees a future where their device could be used to monitor other biomarkers in the blood. “We believe this could be a platform technology,” Castro-Gonzalez says. “We get these noninvasive videos of the blood flowing through the capillaries, so part of the vision for the company is measuring other parameters in the blood beyond white blood cells, including hemoglobin, red blood cells, and platelets. That’s all part of our roadmap for the future.”

    Image: Hippopx

    This piece has been sourced from MIT

    - Advertisement -

    LEAVE A REPLY

    Please enter your comment!
    Please enter your name here

    Latest news

    In Rajya Sabha: Liberalised Policy, Funding for Private Space Sector

    The government has taken significant steps to open up the space domain to Non-Government Entities (NGEs), allowing them to engage in comprehensive space activities. This liberalization is anchored by the establishment of the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe), which serves as a crucial facilitator, authorizing and supervising NGE activities.

    More Female Workers Can Drive Sri Lanka’s Growth, Not Stimulus: Treasury Secretary

    Sri Lanka’s history of economic instability, marked by multiple currency collapses and inflation crises, has been exacerbated by excessive monetary stimulus and fiscal mismanagement.

    Pakistan, Saudi Arabia Discuss Economic and Security Cooperation

    The two nations also agreed to streamline procedures for trade and investment, removing bureaucratic hurdles and fostering a more conducive environment for businesses. This includes exploring the establishment of joint ventures and facilitating the exchange of technical expertise.

    In Lok Sabha: ₹ 8,500 Crore for Coal Gasification Initiative, Says G Kishan Reddy

    The minister informed that a 50 per cent rebate in the revenue share for coal used in gasification has been introduced in commercial coal block auctions, provided that at least 10 per cent of the total coal production is used for gasification purposes.
    - Advertisement -

    Pakistan’s Forced Returns Expose Afghan Refugees to Persecution and Destitution, Human Rights Watch Warns

    Families that had built lives in Pakistan over decades now find themselves in refugee camps or on the streets of Kabul and other major cities, with no access to humanitarian aid.

    UN Experts Condemn Bhutan for Arbitrarily Detaining Political Prisoners

    Many of these political prisoners, primarily arrested in the 1990s and early 2000s, remain behind bars without any hope of release, despite Bhutan’s claims that no such prisoners exist.

    Must read

    In Rajya Sabha: Liberalised Policy, Funding for Private Space Sector

    The government has taken significant steps to open up the space domain to Non-Government Entities (NGEs), allowing them to engage in comprehensive space activities. This liberalization is anchored by the establishment of the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe), which serves as a crucial facilitator, authorizing and supervising NGE activities.

    More Female Workers Can Drive Sri Lanka’s Growth, Not Stimulus: Treasury Secretary

    Sri Lanka’s history of economic instability, marked by multiple currency collapses and inflation crises, has been exacerbated by excessive monetary stimulus and fiscal mismanagement.
    - Advertisement -

    More from the sectionRELATED
    Recommended to you