OWSA Contributor

Pakistan is constitutionally bound by Article 25-A of its Constitution to provide free and compulsory education for children aged 5-16, and it has pledged to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals for inclusive education by 2030.

As elections near, experts urge comprehensive land reform to recognise informal tenures and ensure equitable distribution. The 2008 Constituent Assembly subcommittee identified livelihood alternatives as key, yet many ex-Kamaiyas remain in marginal work.

Despite the optimism, experts warn of hurdles in ensuring equitable distribution and community access to funds. Past REDD+ pilots in Nepal have faced criticism for bureaucratic delays and inadequate consultation with marginalized groups, including indigenous Tharu and Chepang communities in the targeted provinces.

The stray dog population remains high in many areas, and vaccinating a sufficient percentage of these free-roaming animals to achieve “herd immunity” is logistically difficult.

By combining economic opportunities with risk reduction, CRALEP aims to create a ripple effect: improved market access, better health, and reduced poverty.

Food security is at stake in a nation self-sufficient in rice production. The unregulated market risks artificial shortages, where hoarding drives spikes despite ample harvests. Without intervention, experts warn of potential vulnerabilities to climate shocks or global disruptions, as the system lacks resilience.

Failure to act, Ahmed cautioned, could derail Bangladesh’s economic aspirations, leaving businesses vulnerable and the nation grappling with stagnation.

These hikes aim to generate more revenue – Everest alone brought in over $5 million in 2025 – while deterring casual climbers.