OWSA Contributor

Critics argue that the tribunal, revived by Hasina’s own government in 2009 to try wartime crimes, has now transformed into a tool against political adversaries.

The report calls for the government and industry joining hands to strengthen social protection, enforce labour laws, and support climate adaptation.

The success of BHAP will depend on bridging the funding gap and galvanizing political buy-in.

The manifesto details systemic exclusion of LGBTQ people and proposes sweeping social and economic reforms.

Authorities have not yet made clear whether this policy will be extended nationwide or remain confined to Herat

The absence of female panel members in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s ADR committees and the exclusion of non-Muslim members make clear that what may appear as decentralised and accessible justice may in practice perpetuate discrimination.

While the gathering in Belém sets the tone for two weeks of negotiations, the key test will be whether developed countries step up to match rhetoric with financial, technological and capacity-building support. India and its partners argue that ambition without means is hollow.

Without urgent action, environmental collapse could lock Afghanistan into a vicious cycle of poverty, migration, and instability for generations to come. The war may have ended for now, but the battle to save Afghanistan’s environment, and the lives it sustains, is only beginning.