type here...
More

    Land Mines Continue to Devastate Afghan Lives Amid Funding Shortages

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Land Mines Continue to Devastate Afghan Lives Amid Funding Shortages

    Since 1989, about 45,300 Afghan civilians have been recorded to have been killed or injured by landmines and explosive remnants of war. The average monthly civilian casualties from explosive devices in Afghanistan currently stand at around 50 individuals.

    Shah Agha is one of more than 100,000 Afghans living with injuries caused by land mines. He lost his leg to a mine during the anti-Soviet war in the 1980s in his native Kunduz Province in northern Afghanistan. In 2015, another unexploded weapon injured him again.

    “My life is miserable,” the Pashtu language Radio Azadi quoted Agha as saying. “I am always in need of help.”

    Noor, who goes by only one name, lost both his legs to a mine blast. The Kabul resident says disabled Afghans struggle to access education, jobs, or even move freely.

    “Both our society and the government do little to give us our rights,” he said.

    Agha and Noor are among the hundreds of Afghans killed and maimed every year by land mines left behind during more than four decades of war. Despite ongoing demining efforts, mine-clearing agencies now fear an even larger number of Afghans will soon become victims of these hidden killers.

    Demining Efforts Threatened

    Mine-clearing organizations warn that efforts to remove deadly munitions scattered across Afghanistan could soon come to a halt due to calls to end foreign aid to the Taliban-ruled country.

    Ahead of his inauguration, U.S. President Donald Trump and his allies have repeatedly criticised Washington’s financial assistance to Afghanistan. The United States has been the leading donor for humanitarian operations in Afghanistan since the Taliban regained power following the final U.S. military withdrawal in August 2021.

    “Deaths and injuries, especially among children and women, will increase,” Shahabuddin Hakimi, head of the Mine Detection Center (MDC), an Afghan demining NGO, told Radio Azadi.

    Since 1989, over 45,000 Afghans have been killed by land mines, according to the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS). Despite the clearance of over 3,000 square kilometers of contaminated land, vast areas remain heavily mined.

    Casualties on the Rise

    Afghanistan is among the most heavily landmine-contaminated countries in the world, with millions of people at risk from landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW).

    Decades of conflict have left Afghanistan with a dangerous legacy of landmines. Improvised mines and ERW from ongoing armed clashes remain the primary causes of civilian casualties. Landmines are the second leading cause of civilian casualties in Afghanistan, with children being the most affected victims. Contaminated areas are often located near schools and water sources, further endangering local communities.

    UNMAS estimates that land mines continue to pose a threat to more than 1,700 communities across Afghanistan, with over 1,200 square kilometers still awaiting clearance. A significant decline in funding has forced the MDC to cut nearly 80 percent of its operations over the past year.

    Hakimi noted that the lack of demining operations has already led to an increase in mine-related casualties to 60 per month, compared to an average of 50 in previous years.

    “These casualties are set to increase this year as refugees return from Iran and Pakistan and internally displaced populations move back to their homes,” Hakimi said.

    An estimated 2 million Afghans have been forced to return from neighboring Pakistan and Iran, which have hosted millions of Afghan refugees since the Soviet invasion in 1979. The end of fighting following the Taliban’s return to power has prompted even more displaced Afghans to return home, increasing their exposure to explosive hazards.

    In 2023, 455 Afghan civilians were killed or injured by 234 land mine blasts, according to the International Committee of the Red Cross. Children accounted for nearly 80 percent of these victims.

    Underfunded and Overwhelmed

    “Currently, mine action is among the most underfunded sectors in Afghanistan,” said a spokesperson for the HALO Trust, a British charity and one of the leading demining groups in the country. “[Afghanistan] no longer has the resources needed to stem the problem.”

    Funding for mine action has halved over the past two years, leading to a significant reduction in the workforce. Today, only 3,000 of the 15,000 Afghan de-miners employed before the Taliban takeover are still working, with more than 40 percent losing their jobs.

    “The country is facing a paradox of reduced donor support, increasing humanitarian need, and rising poverty,” the HALO Trust spokesperson added.

    A Worsening Humanitarian Crisis

    Humanitarian mine action partners in Afghanistan have cleared more than 14 million items of ERW, some 759,752 anti-personnel mines, some 35,052 anti-vehicle mines, and some 12,938 Abandoned Improvised Mines since 1989. A total of 35,642 hazardous areas have been cleared or otherwise canceled since 1989. This represents over 3,800 square kilometers of land released for productive use to 3,300 gazetteer communities.

    Since 1989, about 45,300 Afghan civilians have been recorded to have been killed or injured by landmines and explosive remnants of war. The average monthly civilian casualties from explosive devices in Afghanistan currently stand at around 50 individuals. ERW from armed clashes caused nearly 86 percent of the casualties recorded during January 2023 to August 2024. In the same period, more than 89 per cent of the ERW casualties were children. 

    Following the Taliban’s return to power, Afghanistan lost all development assistance, which previously funded most of the government’s expenses. The country now risks losing even more humanitarian aid.

    On January 7, Trump accused President Joe Biden of sending “billions of dollars to essentially the Taliban in Afghanistan.” Additionally, Republican Congressman Tim Burchett urged Biden to stop cash aid to Afghanistan, alleging that some of the funds were reaching the Taliban.

    As international attention shifts and funding diminishes, Afghans like Shah Agha and Noor remain trapped in a cycle of suffering, with little hope for a safer future. Without immediate intervention and sustained financial support, the toll of land mines in Afghanistan is set to rise, leaving thousands more injured or dead.

    Image: International Committee of the Red Cross

    Pakistan Braces for Tough Times as Trump Returns to Power

    Bijoy Patro
    -
    0
    Pakistan Braces for Tough Times as Trump Returns to Power

    According to Pakistani media reports, foreign affairs experts in Islamabad believe that the Trump administration will continue to perceive Pakistan primarily through the “China-India lens,” with Washington’s strategic focus remaining on countering Beijing’s influence in the region.

    By Bijoy Patro

    As Donald Trump assumes the presidency of the United States for a second term, Pakistan is bracing for what officials and analysts predict will be a challenging period in bilateral relations. Internal assessments from Islamabad point to several potential roadblocks in diplomatic ties, with concerns mounting over Trump’s foreign policy priorities and key cabinet appointments, none of which really view Pakistan favourably.

    According to sources familiar with Pakistan’s diplomatic strategy, the new Trump administration is expected to prioritise its strategic competition with China and strengthen ties with India, leaving little room for Islamabad to manoeuvre. Of particular concern is the appointment of Richard Grenell, a Trump loyalist known for his public criticism of Pakistan. Pakistani officials believe that Grenell, along with other key figures in the administration, will adopt a tougher stance on Pakistan, further straining the already tenuous ties.

    Diminishing Influence in Washington

    Pakistan’s diplomatic mission in Washington has faced increasing challenges in recent years. Despite efforts to project a positive image during President Joe Biden’s tenure, Islamabad has struggled to secure high-level engagements. Notably, Pakistan is alive to the realisation that throughout his term as President, Joe Biden never held a direct conversation with any Pakistani prime minister. Nor, for that matter, did key officials like Secretary of State Antony Blinken visit Pakistan, despite multiple visits to India.

    The strained ties were further exacerbated by a senior Biden administration official’s recent comments labelling Pakistan’s long-range missile programme as a potential threat to the US. Of course, Islamabad had rejected these assertions, explaining that its missile program is India-centric. Analysts in Islamabad believe that these concerns may persist or even escalate under the Trump administration.

    Pakistan can see the writing on the wall and knows that it must refrain from using the heyday of the alliance during the early years of the Cold War as the baseline because that world no longer exists. More importantly, Pakistan is no longer the same.

    Marco Rubio as Secretary of State

    Adding to Pakistan’s concerns is the confirmation of Marco Rubio as Secretary of State in the Trump 2.0 administration. Rubio, known for his strong advocacy of India-US relations and his tough stance on China, has previously called for sanctions on Pakistan over alleged support for terrorism against India. His confirmation was met with unanimous Senate support, signalling broad bipartisan backing for his policy positions.

    Rubio’s past legislative efforts had sought to block US security assistance to Pakistan and enhance India’s status as a key strategic partner. Given this background, Pakistani diplomats anticipate a more challenging environment in Washington, with limited opportunities to advance their interests.

    The ‘China-India Lens’

    Foreign affairs experts in Islamabad believe that the Trump administration will continue to perceive Pakistan primarily through the “China-India lens,” with Washington’s strategic focus remaining on countering Beijing’s influence in the Asia Pacific region. This approach could marginalise Pakistan’s efforts to strengthen bilateral ties beyond the security domain.

    Dr. Zafar Nawaz Jaspal, a professor at Quaid-e-Azam University, highlighted the challenge of convincing the Trump administration that Pakistan can contribute positively to US interests without compromising its relationship with China. “We should position ourselves as a valuable partner in addressing non-traditional security threats and regional stability, especially concerning Afghanistan,” Jaspal noted.

    Additionally, Pakistani officials worry that the US could use internal political issues to exert pressure on Islamabad. For instance, Trump’s special envoy nominee Richard Grenell has called for the release of former Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan, adding a political dimension to the already complex relationship.

    Economic Concerns

    A complete break with the US is unthinkable for Pakistan which is struggling with a debt-ridden economy. The country needs outside help, not just from China and the Gulf countries, but also from international financial institutions. Here is the catch – Washington continues to influence international lenders.

    Indeed, one of the key areas of concern for Pakistan is the potential impact on economic cooperation. Under the Biden administration, Islamabad secured crucial bailout packages from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), partly due to US backing. Pakistani officials fear that the Trump administration may adopt a more transactional approach, potentially making future IMF financial assistance contingent on stricter political and strategic conditions.

    To navigate this uncertainty, Pakistani experts suggest leveraging the country’s close ties with Saudi Arabia, a key Trump ally. Pakistani media believes that the Saudi Crown Prince, Mohammed bin Salman, could play a crucial role in mediating favourable terms for Pakistan in Washington.

    Diplomatic Strategy Moving Forward

    During his campaign, Trump reiterated his intention to reinstate and expand the controversial travel ban that previously targeted several Muslim-majority countries. Reports also indicate that Pakistan could be among the nations included in an expanded list, raising alarms within the government and the Pakistani diaspora in the US.

    If implemented, such measures would further strain economic and people-to-people ties, affecting trade, remittances, and educational exchanges. Analysts urge Pakistan to engage proactively with US policymakers to prevent such restrictions from materialising.

    Despite the challenges, Pakistani diplomats and foreign policy experts advocate for a pragmatic approach. According to Pakistani media reports, Sherry Rehman, a former Pakistani ambassador to the US, has emphasised the need for Islamabad to chart a clear agenda focusing on economic and commercial ties. “Pakistan must assert its strategic interests while actively working to rebuild trust,” Rehman says.

    Masood Khan, another former ambassador, stressed the importance of injecting “new energy” into economic cooperation and exploring opportunities beyond traditional security concerns. Masood Khan believes that while Trump’s policies may not be a mere repetition of his previous tenure, Pakistan should remain cautious yet optimistic in finding areas of mutual interest.

    As Pakistan braces for Trump’s second term, the road ahead appears fraught with diplomatic and economic challenges. The anticipated policies of the new administration, combined with a tougher stance on China (and a friendly stance on India), present significant hurdles for Islamabad. However, analysts feel that strategic engagement, regional partnerships, and a proactive diplomatic approach could help Pakistan navigate the evolving geopolitical landscape.

    As former Pakistani ambassador Touqir Hsain said in his article published in the Dawn newspaper, “Any hopes our leadership may have of recapturing the relationship of the past are unlikely to materialise.”

    Husain ended his column saying, “We can only hope for the best while preparing for the worst.”

    Just Transition for Coal Miners – A Researchers’ Perspective

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Just Transition for Coal Miners – A Researchers’ Perspective

    The path forward requires deliberate, well-planned interventions. Comprehensive assessments of socio-economic realities, inclusive community engagement, and tailored transition plans are essential. Policymakers must prioritise raising awareness about the impending changes and involving local communities in shaping solutions.

    By Maitri Singh

    Stepping into the depths of a coal mine, one cannot ignore the stories of labour, and transformation that writ large on its black walls – the veins of these walls carry stories of those who toiled in its darkness. Echoes from Smita Sahay’s poem ‘Light, Again’ come to life: Coal dust preserves within my cells / an agony that would otherwise be homeless. / These mines are my inheritance, / as they were for my ancestors. / My spine shivers as I step in./ Above the horizon still bleeds. / Why do the living exhume pitch black ghosts?/ Whose tribe was this now fossilized into coal? / What do we live for? What does one die for?

    For centuries, coal has been the backbone of industrial progress that has powered economies and fuelled livelihoods. But in the backdrop of present-day’s environmental concerns and the push for sustainability redefine global priorities, the coal ecosystem stands at a critical crossroads. The once-indispensable industry now faces scrutiny as subjects like climate change, health, and Just Transition comes to the forefront.

    Last November, I visited some of Jharkhand’s oldest underground and over-pit coal mines mines in Bokaro. My visit was part of a research project understanding “Coal Dependency” and “Economic Diversification” in coal-dependent regions like Bokaro and Ramgarh for Jharkhand’s Just Transition. These terms are at the heart of today’s discussions on navigating the shift from fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources without leaving communities behind.

    Just Transition

    Just Transition, a concept born in the 1970s labour movement, focuses on ensuring that workers affected by this shift are supported with new opportunities, education, and protections. Originally proposed by activist Tony Mazzocchi as a “Superfund for Workers,” the idea evolved to encompass the broader societal changes needed to transition to a low-carbon economy while addressing social equity. It’s a vision also included in the 2015 Paris Agreement and accepted by  policymakers worldwide.

    The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines ‘Just Transition’ as greening the economy in a way that is fair and inclusive, creating decent work opportunities while ensuring no one is left behind. In coal-reliant regions like Bokaro and Ramgarh, this means understanding and addressing the web of dependencies tied to coal, as the coal ecosystem not only fuels electricity but also sustains livelihoods, education, and local economies. But what happens when the very foundation of this ecosystem begins to crumble under the weight of today’s environmental imperatives and economic realities?

    In India, the paradox is striking. While the government has committed to ambitious renewable energy targets – 50 per cent power generation from renewables by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2070 – coal remains indispensable in the short term. Plans to nearly double coal production by 2030 reflect the urgency to meet rising energy demands. However, this reliance on coal raises pressing questions about the future of coal-dependent communities: Will they be equipped to transition to new economic models? Can they see a future beyond coal?

    Coal Dependency

    Over a nine months stay in Bokaro, I encountered the realities of coal dependency. Towering piles of coal, roads coated with black dust, and the sight of coal scavengers struggling under the weight of their loads painted a decent picture of the industry’s dominance. As I stood there inhaling the coal-laden air, many questions struck me including how can a region so inherently dependent on coal ever move away from it?

    Our study aimed to understand the socio-economic dependencies on coal at the district level. This meant asking critical questions: How do mine closures affect communities? What sectors could drive economic diversification? And, how aware are local residents and enterprises of the impending transition?

    The findings revealed that while many households depended on coal for cooking fuel, electricity, and employment, yet most were unaware of the looming coal phase-down. For those near coal mines, awareness was higher, but the prospects of mine closures elicited fear and uncertainty. Migration, job losses, and declining local economies were also common concerns.

    The informal coal economy often overlooked in policy discussions, also emerged as a critical area of our focus. The informal coal workers that scavenge coal from mines for resale, rely on this precarious livelihood. A potential coal phase-down would devastate these workers, which could possibly lead to unemployment and increased crime in the region.

    Coal encompasses everything in these regions. As a trade union member aptly put it, “Coal is the sole power here, be it in politics, industry, or livelihood.”

    Induced Economy

    Interviews with local stakeholders revealed a complex set of perspectives. While Trade union members and activists had long been engaged in discussions about Just Transition, even organising grassroots initiatives like the “Conference of Panchayats” to raise awareness about climate change and the need for economic diversification. Others, however, were less informed, considering coal as irreplaceable.

    Additionally, the “1:20 ratio” – the idea that every coal job supports 20 other people – showed the far-reaching impact of coal on local economies. For instance, the closure of Kargali Washery led to widespread unemployment, with shopkeepers and small businesses bearing the brunt. This is a result of induced economy, in which workers’ spending sustains local businesses like markets and services. During my visit to a market near a closed mine in Ramgarh, vendors expressed their disappointment over the economic downturn caused by the closure. “The market’s vibrancy disappears,” one shop owner explained. Yet, amidst these challenges, there was also optimism. Many local residents expressed a desire to expand their businesses or explore new business ventures.

    During the study, infrastructure development, skill mapping, and targeted training programs emerged as critical components of a successful transition. However, barriers such as bureaucratic delays, credit access issues, and inadequate infrastructure – particularly frequent power outages – were a common concern.

    The environmental toll of coal dependency is another pressing concern of the locals. Pollution from coal mines affects air quality, water resources, and public health. One local stakeholder emphasised the need for environmentally sustainable alternatives: “The government can start anything that benefits us, but it should not pollute our environment further.”

    Critical Juncture

    Reflecting on my fieldwork, I grappled with the enormity of the challenge: Could Jharkhand realistically transition away from coal? What would happen to informal workers and their families? Why hasn’t the state developed comprehensive plans to address these issues?

    The slow pace of action and the persistent demand for coal signals the troubling question- How will this transition unfold, and who will bear the brunt of it?

    For some, coal represents progress and hope, that powers the nation and fills the energy gap until renewable alternatives take hold. For others, it is a reminder of the environmental crises we seek to escape. This paradox of progress and peril holds the complexity of transitioning away from coal. It’s not just about replacing one energy source with another; it is about reimagining livelihoods, economies, and futures.

    The path forward requires deliberate, well-planned interventions. Comprehensive assessments of socio-economic realities, inclusive community engagement, and regionally tailored transition plans are essential. Policymakers must prioritise raising awareness about the impending changes and involving local communities in shaping solutions. Only then can we ensure that no one is left behind in the shift to a cleaner, more sustainable future.

    The transition from coal is not just a technical challenge but a human one as well. It is a test of our ability to balance progress with equity, to honour the past while creating reimagined sustainable paths forward. The dust of the mines may settle, but the questions they raise will shape our collective future.

    Maitri Singh is a researcher at the Digital Empowerment Foundation, specialising in access, inclusion, and internet governance, and has co-led research on Just Transition and Economic Diversification over the past year.

    Senior Taliban Official Urges Reversal of Education Ban on Afghan Girls

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Senior Taliban Official Urges Reversal of Education Ban on Afghan Girls

    Previously, Stanikzai has voiced support for women’s education but refrained from directly challenging the leadership’s stance. His latest statement, however, publicly questions the legitimacy of the existing policy.

    In a rare public appeal, a senior Taliban official has called for the reversal of the group’s controversial ban on education for Afghan women and girls, describing the policy as unjust, un-Islamic, and lacking any religious justification.

    Sher Abbas Stanikzai, a senior political deputy at Afghanistan’s Foreign Ministry, made the remarks on Saturday during a religious school ceremony in Khost, a southeastern province of Afghanistan. Addressing the audience, Stanikzai stated that there was no valid reason to continue restricting education for women and girls, emphasising that the ongoing ban was not rooted in Islamic law.

    “We are committing an injustice against 20 million people out of a population of 40 million, depriving them of all their rights,” Stanikzai said in a video posted on social media. “This is not in Islamic law, but our personal choice or nature.”

    The Taliban, which seized control of Afghanistan in August 2021, implemented a ban on girls’ education beyond the sixth grade shortly after taking power. Over subsequent months, the restrictions were expanded to prevent women from accessing higher education, including universities such as Kabul University.

    Stanikzai’s remarks represent a significant call for policy change, as they mark his first direct appeal to the Taliban’s supreme leader, Hibatullah Akhundzada. Previously, Stanikzai has voiced support for women’s education but refrained from directly challenging the leadership’s stance. His latest statement, however, publicly questions the legitimacy of the existing policy.

    “The leadership should again open the doors of education for girls. We have no excuse to deny them their right,” he added, underscoring the growing internal debate within the Taliban regarding the controversial ban.

    Bolstering Taliban’s Credibility

    Despite Stanikzai’s appeal, critics remain sceptical about the likelihood of any real change. Zubaida Akbar, an activist with the women’s rights group Femena, believes the remarks might be a strategic effort to improve the Taliban’s international reputation.

    “This statement seems like a move to rebrand themselves as progressive,” Akbar said in an interview. “It’s about bolstering credibility for the Taliban on the global stage, but it doesn’t change the reality on the ground.”

    International pressure continues to mount on the Taliban to restore basic rights for women and girls in Afghanistan. The United Nations has consistently condemned the ban on female education, while human rights groups highlight the broader repression faced by Afghan women, including severe restrictions on their mobility and employment opportunities.

    Malala Yousafzai, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate and prominent advocate for girls’ education, has called on Muslim leaders to challenge the Taliban’s policies. Speaking at a conference in Islamabad earlier this month, Yousafzai urged the international community to take a firmer stance against the Taliban’s treatment of women and girls, describing it as a form of “gender apartheid.”

    Despite increasing condemnation from international bodies and activists, the Taliban leadership has shown little willingness to compromise. The regime continues to defend its policies, asserting that they align with their interpretation of Islamic law. However, the restrictions have further isolated Afghanistan on the global stage, with no country yet recognising the Taliban government.

    As the debate over women’s rights in Afghanistan intensifies, Stanikzai’s remarks have ignited hope among some advocates who believe that internal dissent could eventually lead to policy shifts. However, for millions of Afghan girls and women deprived of education and opportunities, tangible change remains elusive.

    Child Labour, Early Marriage

    According to the UN education agency, UNESCO, at least 1.4 million girls have been deliberately denied access to secondary education since 2021. This represents an increase of 300,000 since the previous count carried out by UNESCO in April 2023 – with more girls reaching the age limit of 12 every year. 

    “If we add the girls who were already out of school before the bans were introduced, there are now almost 2.5 million girls in the country deprived of their right to education, representing 80 per cent of Afghan school-age girls,” UNESCO says, adding that “in just three years, the de facto authorities have almost wiped out two decades of steady progress for education in Afghanistan, and the future of an entire generation is now in jeopardy.”

    Although girls’ education is still permitted under the age of 12, the number of pupils enrolled in primary education has also fallen drastically since 2021. According to UNESCO data, Afghanistan had only 5.7 million girls and boys in primary school in 2022, compared with 6.8 million in 2019. 

    According to UNESCO, “This drop in primary school enrolment is the result of the de facto authorities’ decision to prohibit female teachers from teaching boys, exacerbating the teacher shortage. It can also be explained by parents’ lack of incentive to send their children to school, in an increasingly difficult socio-economic context.” UNESCO also expressed its alarm by the harmful consequences of this increasingly massive drop-out rate, which could lead to a rise in child labour and early marriage.

    Americans Back Trump Policies; But Remain Divided Over His Leadership, Survey Finds

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Americans Back Trump Policies; But Remain Divided Over His Leadership, Survey Finds

    The country remains polarised, with opinions about Trump’s presidency almost evenly split. The survey found that roughly the same number of respondents expressed optimism about the next four years as those who felt pessimistic.

    A significant number of Americans support President-elect Donald Trump’s proposed policies on immigration and tariffs, yet they remain sceptical of him as an individual, according to a new survey conducted by The New York Times/Ipsos and released on Saturday.

    The poll revealed that 87 per cent of respondents support deporting illegal immigrants in the US who have a criminal record, a key promise Trump made during his 2024 campaign to enforce stricter immigration measures. Additionally, 55 per cent of those surveyed support deporting all immigrants living in the US illegally, while 42 per cent opposed such a move.

    According to the latest government estimates, the undocumented population stood at 11 million in 2022. However, demographers believe the current number has risen to between 13 million and 14 million.

    When it comes to ending birthright citizenship for children born to immigrants residing in the US illegally, support was less pronounced. Only 41 per cent of respondents favoured the initiative, while a majority of 55 per cent opposed it.

    Views on immigration’s overall impact on the country remain split. The poll found that 41 per cent of Americans consider immigrants a “burden,” while 56 per cent believe they “strengthen our country.”

    Economic Concerns and Tariffs

    Economic inequality emerged as a major concern among respondents, with 68 per cent agreeing that the US economic system “unfairly favours the wealthy.” In contrast, only 30 per cent believe the system is “generally fair” to most Americans.

    One of Trump’s major campaign promises was to impose tariffs on key trading partners, including Canada, Mexico, and China, to pressure them into strengthening their border security and combating fentanyl trafficking. Trump has proposed a 25 per cent tariff on imports from Mexico and Canada and a 10 per cent tariff on Chinese goods.

    However, opinions on tariffs remain divided. Around 45 per cent of those surveyed said they “strongly” or “somewhat” support increasing tariffs on imports from Mexico and China, while 50 per cent expressed opposition. Despite the mixed views, a significant majority – 81 per cent – believe Trump will follow through on his tariff promises.

    Concerns About Trump’s Leadership

    Despite his policy proposals garnering support, Americans remain divided on Trump’s leadership. According to the survey, 27 per cent of respondents cited concerns about his character, behaviour, and criminal convictions as major worries for his second term. Concerns about favouritism, abuse of power, and corruption ranked second at 13 per cent.

    The country remains polarised, with opinions about Trump’s presidency almost evenly split. The survey found that roughly the same number of respondents expressed optimism about the next four years as those who felt pessimistic. Trump’s favourability rating, based on an average of polls from FiveThirtyEight.com, has hovered just below 50 per cent – mirroring his share of the popular vote in the 2024 election.

    The findings of The New York Times/Ipsos survey underscore the ongoing divisions within the country over Trump’s leadership. While many Americans support his policy initiatives on immigration and trade, concerns about his character and governance style persist. The poll, conducted from January 2-10 with 2,128 respondents, carries a margin of error of 2.6 percentage points.

    UK’s Richest 10 Per Cent Extracted Half of India’s Wealth During Colonial Rule, Says Oxfam Report

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    UK’s Richest 10 Per Cent Extracted Half of India’s Wealth During Colonial Rule, Says Oxfam Report

    As the world grapples with crises of economy, climate, and conflict, the widening gap between the rich and poor threatens global stability. The Oxfam report serves as a stark reminder that economic inequality is not an accident but a consequence of deliberate policies and historical injustices.

    A report by Oxfam International, titled ‘Takers Not Makers – The Unjust Poverty and Unearned Wealth of Colonialism’, reveals that the richest 10 per cent in the UK extracted a staggering US$33.8 trillion from India during over a century of colonial rule between 1765 and 1900. The report was released to coincide with the first day of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting at Davos.

    Basing its arguments on a number of previous studies and research papers, the Oxfam researchers have calculated that between 1765 and 1900, the richest 10 per cent in the UK extracted wealth from India alone worth USD 33.8 trillion in today’s money. This amount, adjusted for modern value, could carpet the entire city of London in £50 notes almost four times over. The report sheds light on the deep economic inequality created by colonial domination and its lasting impacts on the Global South.

    The report underscores how colonialism primarily benefited the UK’s wealthiest elite, with the bulk of the plundered wealth funnelled to a privileged few. Beyond the richest, the newly emergent middle class in Britain also saw significant financial gains from the exploitation of India’s vast resources and labour.

    “Colonialism was not just about resource extraction, it was a systematic process that enriched the wealthy few in the UK while impoverishing millions in India,” Oxfam stated. “These patterns of wealth extraction and inequality are still reflected in today’s global economy.”

    Unearned Wealth

    The findings of ‘Takers Not Makers – The Unjust Poverty and Unearned Wealth of Colonialism’ come at a time when billionaire wealth is growing at unprecedented speeds. According to the report, billionaire fortunes increased three times faster in 2024 compared to 2023. On average, each billionaire saw their wealth grow by US$2 million per day, while the richest 10 billionaires amassed US$100 million daily.

    If current trends continue, Oxfam predicts that five trillionaires will emerge within the next decade. In stark contrast, the number of people living in poverty has remained nearly unchanged since 1990. Today, an estimated 3.6 billion people still live below the World Bank’s poverty line of $6.85 per day.

    The report highlights that most billionaire wealth is taken, not earned. A staggering 60 per cent of billionaire wealth originates from inheritance, cronyism, corruption, and monopoly power rather than innovation or entrepreneurial effort. In fact, for the first time in 2023, more billionaires were created through inheritance than through business acumen.

    “We live in a world where extreme wealth is transferred across generations, largely untaxed, perpetuating the same cycle of inequality that began during colonial rule,” the report states. “The super-rich continue to benefit at the expense of the poorest, racialised, and marginalised communities.”

    Colonialism in Modern Disguise

    The ‘Takers Not Makers – The Unjust Poverty and Unearned Wealth of Colonialism’ report argues that the world remains colonial in many ways, with wealth still being extracted from the Global South to the Global North. Oxfam calculates that today, an estimated US$30 million is transferred every hour from developing countries to the richest 1 per cent in rich nations through an exploitative global financial system.

    The report points to structural inequalities within institutions such as the World Bank, where the average Belgian has 180 times more voting power than the average Ethiopian. These disparities reinforce a cycle of economic dependence and subjugation that originated in the colonial era.

    The report says, “This system still extracts wealth from the Global South to the superrich 1% in the Global North at a rate of US$30million an hour.” This must be reversed. Reparations must be made to those who were brutally enslaved and colonised. Our modern-day colonial economic system must be made radically more equal to end poverty. The cost should be borne by the richest people who benefit the most.

    The devastating human cost of this inequality is felt most acutely by women and marginalised communities in the Global South. Women contribute an estimated 12.5 billion hours of unpaid care work daily, which adds at least US$10.8 trillion in value to the global economy. Despite their enormous contributions, they continue to face systemic economic exclusion and discrimination.

    Oxfam warns that without urgent action, the world will remain locked in a cycle of poverty and exploitation, where resources are siphoned from the poorest to enrich the wealthiest.

    Calls for Reparations

    The report makes an urgent call for reparations to those who were brutally enslaved and colonised, arguing that meaningful change must involve financial restitution and systemic restructuring of global financial institutions.

    “….This must be reversed,” the report says, adding, “Reparations must be made to those who were brutally enslaved and colonised. Our modern-day colonial economic system must be made radically more equal to end poverty. The cost should be borne by the richest people who benefit the most.”

    “The global economic system must be radically transformed to ensure equity and justice,” Oxfam asserts. “The richest people who have benefited the most from centuries of exploitation must bear the cost of reversing these inequalities.”

    Proposals include a wealth tax on billionaires, debt cancellation for developing countries, and the implementation of policies that prioritise human well-being over corporate profit.

    As the world grapples with crises of economy, climate, and conflict, the widening gap between the rich and poor threatens global stability. The Oxfam report serves as a stark reminder that economic inequality is not an accident but a consequence of deliberate policies and historical injustices.

    “We cannot move forward without addressing the past,” the report concludes. “True progress requires recognising the systemic exploitation that has occurred and making amends to create a fairer world for all.”

    The report raises several question illustrating that the cycles of exploitation and inequality persist for generations to come unless the global community takes decisive action.

    India Critical Health Concern: Indoor Air Quality Challenges During Winter

    OWSA Staff
    -
    0
    India Critical Health Concern: Indoor Air Quality Challenges During Winter

    India’s indoor air quality crisis during winter underscores the urgent need for coordinated action. Whether addressing urban pollution from external infiltration or rural hazards from biomass combustion, solutions must be grounded in technology, education, and policy.

    As winter approaches, India grapples with a surge in air pollution that impacts not only the outdoor environment but also indoor air quality (IAQ). This period, compounded by Diwali celebrations and associated fireworks, presents a critical challenge for both urban and rural communities. Understanding the dynamics of indoor air pollution and addressing its health impacts has never been more important.

    The Winter Pollution Spike

    India’s winter air quality deteriorates with the arrival of winter due to emissions from industrial activity, vehicle exhaust, crop burning, and the added burden of Diwali’s festival firework. These activities release a host of harmful pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SO2), ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). While these pollutants are primarily associated with outdoor air, they infiltrate indoor spaces through doors, windows, and ventilation systems, often creating indoor pollution levels on par with outdoor conditions.

    The interplay between outdoor and indoor air pollution poses serious health risks. Prolonged exposure to pollutants such as PM2.5, which penetrates deep into the lungs and bloodstream, exacerbates respiratory and cardiovascular issues. Health problems linked to poor IAQ include asthma, chronic lung disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart arrhythmias, and increased susceptibility to infections. For individuals with pre-existing conditions, the risks are even more pronounced.

    According to a research study from Dyson published in January 2024, the air inside homes during winter was found to be 15 per cent worse than outside. Across India, the indoor air gets 41 per cent dirtier during winters, and in Delhi, it’s even worse at 48 per cent, the research paper says, adding that in India, the most polluted time inside was between 7 am and mid-day.

    Urban IAQ: Hidden Health Hazards

    In urban areas, the winter months reveal unique IAQ challenges. The fine particles from outdoor pollution sources infiltrate homes, offices, and public buildings, significantly degrading air quality. Studies by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) highlight that even well-maintained urban office spaces often record PM10 and PM2.5 levels exceeding the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) safety standards. WHO guidelines recommend annual PM2.5 concentrations below 10 μg/m³ and daily concentrations below 25 μg/m³, yet urban indoor environments frequently surpass these thresholds during winter.

    While urban buildings equipped with modern HVAC systems generally manage gaseous pollutants like NOx, SO2, and CO effectively, they are less effective in controlling particulate matter infiltration. The result is a steady increase in health risks for urban residents, particularly during periods of high outdoor pollution.

    Rural IAQ: The Burden of Biomass Fuels

    Rural areas face an entirely different IAQ crisis. A significant portion of the rural population relies on biomass fuels – such as firewood, crop residue, and dung – for cooking and heating. The combustion of these materials releases high levels of PM2.5, CO, SO2, and NOx, which accumulate indoors due to poor ventilation.

    Women and children, who spend substantial time near cooking fires, are disproportionately affected. According to TERI’s research, indoor PM2.5 levels in rural homes often far exceed WHO standards, contributing to severe respiratory and cardiovascular health issues. Unlike urban areas, rural indoor environments also see dangerously high concentrations of gaseous pollutants, which exacerbate health risks.

    Addressing Divergent Challenges

    Improving IAQ in both urban and rural India requires tailored solutions. For urban areas, advancements in ventilation and air filtration technologies are critical. High-quality HVAC systems and advanced air purifiers can mitigate the impact of outdoor pollution during peak pollution periods. Increasing awareness about the importance of sealing windows and doors, especially during high-pollution episodes, can also help maintain healthier indoor environments.

    In rural areas, the shift toward cleaner cooking practices is imperative. The adoption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and improved biomass stoves with better ventilation systems can significantly reduce indoor pollution levels. Government programs promoting clean energy solutions, coupled with public awareness campaigns, can drive this transformation.

    The Role of Climate Factors

    The interplay between climatic conditions and air pollution adds complexity to the IAQ scenario. For instance, the delayed onset of La Niña and the late retreat of the monsoon have raised concerns about winter air quality in northern India. La Niña typically strengthens monsoons and disperses pollutants, but its delayed impact has heightened pollution risks this year.

    Researchers at the Bengaluru-based National Institute of Advanced Sciences (NIAS) have observed links between La Niña, climate change, and air quality. Last winter, Delhi recorded its cleanest air in a decade due to favourable climatic conditions. However, with stubble burning still a significant issue and La Niña’s late arrival, pollution levels in November could spike, affecting both outdoor and indoor environments.

    Toward a Comprehensive IAQ Strategy

    Effective management of IAQ in India requires a multi-faceted approach combining technology, policy, and public engagement. Key measures include:

    • Enhanced Building Standards: Mandating advanced HVAC and air filtration systems in urban buildings can prevent outdoor pollutants from infiltrating indoor spaces.
    • Promotion of Cleaner Cooking Practices: Expanding access to LPG and improved cook-stoves in rural areas can significantly reduce indoor pollution.
    • Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating communities about IAQ and its health impacts can empower individuals to adopt healthier practices, such as improved ventilation and reduced reliance on biomass fuels.
    • Policy Interventions: Strengthening regulations to curb outdoor pollution sources, such as vehicle emissions and industrial pollutants, can indirectly improve IAQ.
    • Research and Monitoring: Investing in real-time IAQ monitoring systems can provide valuable data to guide interventions and track progress.

    India’s IAQ crisis during winter underscores the urgent need for coordinated action. Whether addressing urban pollution from external infiltration or rural hazards from biomass combustion, solutions must be grounded in technology, education, and policy. By prioritising IAQ alongside outdoor air quality, India can create healthier environments and safeguard the well-being of its population.

    Image: Wikimedia

    Nepal: Economic Prosperity vs. Rising Debt and Inflation

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Nepal: Economic Prosperity vs. Rising Debt and Inflation

    To navigate these challenges, experts recommend comprehensive economic reforms, including increased domestic production, enhanced market monitoring, and policies to mitigate the impact of inflation on the poor.

    Nepalese Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak on Sunday reiterated the government’s commitment to achieving economic prosperity, even as the nation faces mounting public debt and spiralling food inflation that is leaving citizens grappling with higher living costs.

    Speaking at a press conference organised by the Nepal Press Union, Lekhak underscored the incumbent coalition government’s priorities, which include economic growth, good governance, and lasting peace. “The coalition of Nepali Congress and CPN (UML) aims to ensure political stability and durable peace while accelerating the mission for development and prosperity,” he said.

    However, these optimistic aspirations are set against the backdrop of a worrying economic scenario. Nepal’s public debt has surpassed Rs 2,536 billion as of mid-January in the current fiscal year, accounting for 44.46 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), according to the Public Debt Management Office.

    Public Debt on the Rise

    At the start of the fiscal year on July 16, Nepal’s public debt was Rs 2,434.90 billion. Within six months, it increased by Rs 102.03 billion, reaching Rs 2,536.13 billion by January 15. The government’s borrowing target for the year was Rs 547 billion, but halfway through the fiscal year, only Rs 240.80 billion (43.89 per cent) of this target has been achieved.

    Breaking down the debt, foreign loans make up 51.31 per cent of the total at Rs 1,301.41 billion (22.81 per cent of GDP). Internal debt contributes 48.68 per cent or Rs 1,234.71 billion (21.64 per cent of GDP). By mid-January, the government had raised Rs 181.50 billion in internal debt, achieving 54.86 per cent of its annual goal, while external borrowing stood at Rs 59.30 billion, just 27.20 per cent of the target.

    The government allocated Rs 402.85 billion in the current fiscal year to service principal and interest payments on the public debt. By mid-January, Rs 182.40 billion (3.20 per cent of GDP) had already been spent.

    Food Prices Surge Amid Economic Woes

    Adding to the country’s economic challenges, food prices have risen sharply. According to a report by Nepal Rastra Bank, food inflation reached 9.99 per cent in mid-December, with vegetable prices skyrocketing by 43.05 per cent compared to the same time last fiscal year. Overall consumer price inflation climbed to 6.05 per cent from 4.95 per cent a year ago.

    Flash floods in late September severely disrupted supply chains, particularly in Kathmandu and surrounding areas, exacerbating food price inflation. The price of pulses and legumes rose by 10.66 per cent, cereal grains and their products by 9.7 per cent, and ghee and oil by 9.39 per cent during the first five months of the fiscal year.

    Economist Nara Bahadur Thapa attributes the rising food prices to climate change, low agricultural output, and frequent export bans imposed by India on staples like rice, wheat, onions, and sugar. “Nepal’s dependence on imports, coupled with a strong US dollar, fuels inflation,” he explained. The dollar’s exchange rate hit Rs 138.49 last week, further intensifying the cost of imports, including petroleum products and chemical fertilisers.

    Impacts on Nepali Households

    The rising food inflation is disproportionately affecting the poor, especially urban dwellers reliant on daily wages. “Inflation erodes purchasing power, leaving many struggling to meet basic needs,” Thapa noted. Farmers, ironically, are not benefitting from the price surge due to inefficiencies in the supply chain.

    With vegetable inflation exceeding 40 per cent, consumers face the brunt of soaring costs, while weak market monitoring and governance exacerbate the issue. Economist Puskar Bajracharya warned that inflation could climb further if political instability and rumors of government changes persist. “The lack of focus on economic policies is a bad sign for growth,” he said.

    Inflation is not evenly distributed across the country. Koshi Province recorded the highest inflation rate at 7.36 per cent, followed by Madhesh (6.77 per cent) and Sudurpashchim (6.66 per cent). Meanwhile, urban areas saw a 5.89 per cent rise in inflation compared to 6.52 per cent in rural regions. Non-food items and services also registered significant increases, with the price index of miscellaneous goods and services rising by 7.98 per cent and alcoholic drinks by 7.01 per cent.

    Balancing Aspirations and Reality

    While Home Minister Lekhak expressed confidence in the government’s longevity and its ability to address development challenges, economists remain skeptical about its ability to balance lofty aspirations with the pressing economic realities. Rising public debt, inflation, and a slowing economy have created a precarious environment for the government.

    Lekhak highlighted initiatives such as building a bridge over the Mahakali River and a dry port in Dodhara Chandani to boost economic activity. However, economists argue that such projects alone cannot offset the broader challenges of inflation, poverty, and declining investment.

    To navigate these challenges, experts recommend comprehensive economic reforms, including increased domestic production, enhanced market monitoring, and policies to mitigate the impact of inflation on the poor. Additionally, the government needs to address structural issues in agriculture and supply chains to stabilise food prices.

    “If inflation continues unchecked, it could erode trust in the government and destabilise the economy further,” warned Bajracharya. “Nepal’s policymakers must act decisively to steer the country toward sustainable growth.” As the government prepares to convene the winter session of parliament, the focus will be on translating economic aspirations into actionable policies. Whether these measures can address the mounting economic pressures remains to be seen.

    Sri Lanka: Cost of Living to Rise in Second Half of 2025

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Sri Lanka: Cost of Living to Rise in Second Half of 2025

    The central bank’s recent policy report acknowledged that deflation was driven by one-off supply-side factors. It added that inflation is projected to align with the 5-7 per cent target range by the second half of the year due to diminishing supply-side effects and accommodative monetary policies.

    Sri Lanka’s central bank has projected an increase in the cost of living, with inflation expected to rise to the 5-7 per cent target range in the latter half of 2025. This marks a shift from the deflationary trend observed since the second half of 2022, attributed to stringent monetary policies.

    The central bank’s approach over the past two years allowed the Sri Lankan rupee to appreciate, leading to a reduction in prices across traded goods and energy — a rarity under International Monetary Fund (IMF) programmes. Analysts have noted that this deflationary period, achieved during a broader global “age of inflation,” is a significant achievement for Sri Lanka.

    However, the central bank’s recent policy report acknowledged that deflation was driven by one-off supply-side factors. “The deflationary environment resulting from the one-off effects of supply-side price adjustments will continue in early 2025,” the report stated. It added that inflation is projected to align with the 5-7 per cent target range by the second half of the year due to diminishing supply-side effects and more accommodative monetary policies.

    Deflationary Gains and Challenges Ahead

    Deflationary policies implemented by the central bank have restored external stability and curtailed the cost of imported goods. Analysts have called it one of the institution’s most significant short-term achievements in its 75-year history. This period also coincided with a reversal of money printing by the US Federal Reserve starting in March 2022, which helped reduce global commodity prices.

    The central bank’s policy shift aims to balance the benefits of deflation with the need for sustainable growth. “Following the high inflation episode from late 2021 to early 2023, it is believed that this temporary period of deflation would provide some respite to the general public by dampening the cost of living to some extent,” the report noted.

    Historical Context and Global Lessons

    Sri Lanka’s inflation management has drawn comparisons with global experiences during the Great Inflation of the 1970s. During that period, misconceptions about “supply-driven inflation” or “cost-push inflation” led to policy missteps in high-inflation countries. Classical economists argue that such beliefs, combined with unanchored monetary policies, were key contributors to prolonged inflationary episodes.

    The US Federal Reserve’s recent 9 per cent inflation spike also stemmed from a mistaken belief in supply chain bottlenecks as the primary driver, rather than expansive monetary policies. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell later admitted this was a miscalculation.

    In contrast, Sri Lanka’s central bank embraced deflationary measures that allowed currency appreciation and restored external stability. Critics argue, however, that these gains may be short-lived without structural reforms and tighter inflation targets.

    Inflation Targeting and Policy Transparency

    Sri Lanka’s central bank operates under an inflation target of 5 per cent, with allowances to reach 7 per cent. These levels are higher than those in countries with greater monetary stability, where inflation targets typically range from 2 to 3 per cent. Critics contend that the central bank’s past policies, which aimed for 5 per cent inflation, contributed to recurrent currency crises in 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2020.

    To ensure accountability, the central bank has committed to submitting regular reports to Parliament under the Central Bank of Sri Lanka Act. These reports aim to explain any deviations from the inflation target and maintain transparency. The first such report has already been submitted.

    Looking Forward

    The central bank’s projection of a 5-7 per cent inflation rate in late 2025 underscores the challenges of balancing price stability and growth in a post-deflationary environment. While deflation provided temporary relief to households, the return to inflation may strain budgets, especially in a country with a history of economic volatility.

    Successive governments have attempted to address the rising cost of living through cabinet subcommittees, but analysts argue that a stricter inflation target would better control the monetary authority’s ability to influence prices. Without such measures, the central bank risks undermining public confidence in its policies.

    The coming years will test Sri Lanka’s ability to sustain economic stability while navigating the complexities of inflation management. Policymakers face the dual challenge of preventing excessive price pressures and fostering conditions for long-term growth in a fragile economic landscape.

    Bangladesh: Police Push for Independent Commission to Reform Accountability

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Bangladesh: Police Push for Independent Commission to Reform Accountability

    A recent online survey conducted by the Police Reform Commission revealed public support for such changes, with 58.9 per cent of 14,389 respondents favouring the creation of an oversight body to hold police accountable and shield them from external influences.

    Amid mounting allegations of systemic corruption and political bias favouring the ruling Awami League, the Bangladesh Police have proposed the establishment of an independent “Police Commission” with sweeping powers to ensure accountability, neutrality, and transparency within the force.

    Inspector General of Police (IGP) Baharul Alam submitted the draft proposal to Safar Raj Hossain, head of the Police Reform Commission. This move comes as part of a broader reform agenda aimed at restoring public trust in the police by ensuring their independence and alignment with human rights and the rule of law.

    Bangladesh’s The Daily Star newspaper quoted Baharul Alam as saying: “We have submitted a report to the commission proposing reforms, including the creation of a police commission.”

    Proposed Structure

    The proposed commission would consist of 11 members, with a retired Appellate Division judge or a retired IGP serving as chairperson. Key elements of its composition include:

    Four MPs: Two from the ruling party and two from the opposition, nominated by the parliament speaker after consultations with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition.

    Four Non-Political Members: A legal expert, a human rights activist, a retired IGP, and a social science or policing academician, at least one of whom must be female. These individuals would be appointed by the president from a list prepared by a selection committee.

    Ex-Officio Members: The home secretary and the serving IGP, with the latter acting as the member secretary.

    The selection committee itself would be led by the Chief Justice or a designated Appellate Division judge, alongside the heads of the Anti-Corruption Commission, Bangladesh Comptroller and Auditor General, National Human Rights Commission, and a retired secretary or IGP.

    Mandates and Functions

    The proposed commission would wield significant authority, including:

    • Recommending a panel of three senior officers for the position of IGP to the president, ensuring a fixed tenure of two to three years regardless of retirement age.
    • Removing an IGP upon majority agreement within the commission.
    • Overseeing appointments to key police positions, including heads of training institutions, specialised units, and district superintendents, with each appointment lasting two years.
    • Formulating policies on recruitment, transfers, promotions, and other service matters to eliminate favouritism based on political affiliations.

    “This will put an end to the practice of picking officers for promotions and lucrative positions based on their political loyalties,” noted a member of the Police Reform Commission on condition of anonymity.

    The commission would also draft national public safety policies and police-related laws, rules, and regulations as needed. Other responsibilities would include determining the lawful use of force and developing training, capacity-building initiatives, and specialised units to address emerging security challenges.

    Grievance Redress Mechanisms

    To enhance accountability, the commission would oversee a three-member complaint management committee, acting as an appellate body for grievances against police officers. Citizens dissatisfied with investigations conducted by police headquarters could appeal to this committee.

    For internal issues, a three-member Grievance Redress Committee would address complaints and problems faced by police officers, reporting directly to the commission chairperson for action.

    The commission’s members would serve four-year terms, with MPs losing their positions upon parliamentary dissolution. No member would be eligible for reappointment after serving one term. Strict eligibility criteria would exclude individuals with criminal records, tax defaults, loan defaults, or other disqualifications, ensuring the commission’s integrity.

    Balancing Independence and Accountability

    The draft proposal was informed by an online survey conducted by the Police Reform Commission, which garnered 14,389 responses. Of these, 58.9% supported the creation of a separate oversight body to ensure accountability and shield the police from external interference.

    “We have received a proposal from the IGP that suggests a constitutional commission,” Safar Raj Hossain confirmed.

    The reform commission is expected to incorporate this proposal into its final report, albeit without specifying a rigid format for the oversight body.

    The government would provide necessary resources, including permanent and temporary staff, and allocate funds based on the commission’s needs, according to the draft proposal.

    The success of the proposed commission hinges on its ability to operate independently, free from political interference. However, the inclusion of MPs from both ruling and opposition parties could potentially create a balancing act, fostering bipartisan support and legitimacy.

    Critics and experts will closely scrutinise the proposed commission’s effectiveness in addressing allegations of systemic corruption and political bias. Its success would depend on strict adherence to the framework and transparent execution of its mandates.

    The police reform agenda is a timely effort to restore public confidence in law enforcement. By eliminating practices of favouritism and politicisation, the proposed commission seeks to uphold human rights, protect individual liberties, and reinforce the rule of law.

    As the Police Reform Commission prepares to finalise its recommendations, the draft proposal for an independent police commission offers a glimmer of hope for a transformed and neutral police force. Whether the initiative will be embraced and effectively implemented remains to be seen.

    Public and Expert Reactions

    If implemented, the proposed commission could mark a turning point for policing in Bangladesh. A reform commission member, speaking on condition of anonymity, emphasised that this initiative would “put an end to the practice of picking officers for promotions and lucrative positions based on their political loyalties.”

    The draft also envisions the commission playing a pivotal role in drafting and updating police laws and policies, reflecting evolving societal needs and expectations.

    The proposal has drawn widespread attention. Analysts believe the reforms, if executed, could bolster public confidence in the police force by ensuring impartiality and professionalism. Human rights activists and legal experts have also welcomed the initiative, emphasising the need for independent oversight to uphold justice and prevent abuse of power.

    However, some sceptics have raised concerns about the feasibility of implementing such sweeping changes, particularly in a politically charged environment. Ensuring the commission’s independence from undue influence will be critical to its success.

    The Police Reform Commission, tasked with submitting its final recommendations, is expected to include the proposal as an annex. Once finalised, the reforms will require approval and implementation at the highest levels of government.

    1...262728...205Page 27 of 205
    Bangladesh

    Yunus Warns of ‘War-Like Situation’ Amid Political Crisis and Rising Tensions

    The high-stakes meeting brought together 20 leaders from various political parties and organisations in two separate sessions, as Yunus sought to shore up support amid reports of internal tensions within his interim government and growing external pressure.
    Climate change

    New Projections Show Extreme Glacier Loss Already at 2°C

    Staying close to 1.5°C on the other hand preserves at least some glacier ice in all regions, even Scandinavia, with 20-30 per cent remaining in the four most sensitive regions; and 40-45 per cent in the Himalayas and Caucuses; stressing the growing urgency of the 1.5°C temperature goal and rapid decarbonization to achieve it.
    Agri-business

    Sri Lanka and New Zealand Eye Stronger Economic and Educational Ties

    Beyond trade, both nations expressed keen interest in enhancing vocational training collaboration, with a specific focus on developing industry-aligned skills for Sri Lankan youth.

    Editor Picks

    Climate Change

    Hot Topics

    About OWSA

    OWSA aims to be the place global citizens turn to for news and views concerning human development from across SouthAsia – the kind of news untouched by the mainstream media. We do not sell fear.

    Follow Us

    © 2021 All Rights Reserved. www.owsa.in