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    Maldives’ Plans to Tackle Male’s Frequent Floods with Mobile Trailer Pumps

    OWSA Contributor
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    Maldives’ Plans to Tackle Male’s Frequent Floods with Mobile Trailer Pumps

    While the mobile trailer pumps offer a temporary solution for a pressing issue, Minister Muthalib emphasised the need for a permanent solution. This involves rebuilding Male’s roads and upgrading the city’s drainage infrastructure.

    The Maldivian government is set to bolster its flood management capabilities by acquiring mobile trailer pumps to address the recurring issue of flooding in the archipelago nation’s capital, Male’ city. This initiative, announced by Construction Minister Dr. Abdulla Muthalib in an interview with a local media outlet, Mihaaru News, aims to provide an immediate solution while the government works on a comprehensive plan to resolve drainage problems in the city.

    Flooding has long been a critical issue for Male’, the densely populated capital of Maldives. The city frequently experiences severe waterlogging during heavy rains, causing disruption and damage to infrastructure. Minister Muthalib acknowledged the urgency of the situation, stating, “If we have five or six mobile trailer pumps, it will provide significant relief.”

    The mobile trailer pumps, capable of removing 600 tonnes of water per hour, are designed for mobility and rapid deployment. Currently, the Maldives National Defence Force (MNDF) addresses flooding using a combination of ordinary pumps and a single mobile trailer pump. However, the existing resources are insufficient to cope with the scale of flooding, as evidenced by the recent deluge.

    Last Friday’s heavy rainfall inundated Male’ with approximately 90,000 tonnes of water. The MNDF drained 30,000 tonnes using their pumps, while an additional 60,000 tonnes were removed through temporary pump stations installed at five locations across the city.

    Long-Term Plans in Motion

    While the mobile trailer pumps offer a temporary reprieve, Minister Muthalib emphasised the need for a permanent solution. This involves rebuilding Male’s roads and upgrading the city’s drainage infrastructure. The government has already secured USD 100 million in aid from China for a road reconstruction project in the islands of Male’ and Vilimale’. A team of Chinese consultants has been conducting feasibility studies since November 2024. The project is expected to commence this year.

    The Critical Role of Mobile Pumps

    Mobile trailer pumps are increasingly recognised as an essential tool in modern flood management. Their high capacity and portability make them ideal for urban environments like the small island of Male’, where flooding can occur in multiple locations simultaneously. These pumps can be quickly transported and deployed to affected areas, ensuring swift water removal and minimising disruption.

    Each pump is designed to handle large volumes of water efficiently, making it suitable for both residential and commercial areas. The planned acquisition of multiple pumps would significantly enhance Male’s ability to respond to flood emergencies, protecting homes, businesses, and critical infrastructure.

    Addressing Climate Challenges

    The Maldives, an island nation highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, faces rising sea levels and unpredictable weather patterns. These factors exacerbate the challenges of managing urban flooding. The minister said that the government’s proactive approach to acquiring advanced flood management tools reflects its commitment to safeguarding the well-being of its citizens and infrastructure.

    While the road to a long-term solution may be complex and resource-intensive, the acquisition of mobile trailer pumps represents a vital step toward building resilience against flooding. Minister Muthalib’s focus on both immediate and long-term measures underscores the government’s recognition of the multifaceted nature of the problem.

    As Male’ prepares for the upcoming monsoon season, the introduction of mobile trailer pumps is expected to provide much-needed relief to the city’s residents. Simultaneously, the planned road reconstruction and drainage upgrades offer hope for a future where flooding is less of a recurring threat. This dual approach — combining immediate action with long-term planning — highlights the importance of innovation, preparedness, and collaboration in addressing the challenges posed by climate change and urbanization. The Maldivian government’s initiative serves as a model for other vulnerable cities grappling with similar issues, emphasizing the need for adaptive solutions in an era of increasing environmental uncertainty.

    ADB to Provide $1 Billion Annually for Bangladesh’s Inclusive Development

    OWSA Contributor
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    ADB to Provide $1 Billion Annually for Bangladesh’s Inclusive Development

    Senior officials, including the environment secretary, joint secretary, chief conservator of forests, and ADB representatives, participated in the discussions, signalling a collaborative approach to Bangladesh’s inclusive development and environmental challenges.

    The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has committed to providing Bangladesh with $1 billion annually in concessional financing over the next five years to support inclusive development and environmental sustainability.

    ADB Country Director for Bangladesh, Hoe Yun Jeong, announced the funding during a meeting with Syeda Rizwana Hasan, adviser to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, and the Ministry of Water Resources, at the Forest Department in Dhaka on Sunday.

    During the meeting, Jeong highlighted ADB’s dedication to enhancing Bangladesh’s climate resilience and environmental sustainability through targeted projects. He assured increased financial support, including grants, and expressed ADB’s strong interest in river-cleaning initiatives to restore the country’s waterways.

    “ADB is committed to expanding community engagement and public consultations to ensure the success of our projects,” Jeong said, emphasizing the importance of inclusive development.

    Climate-Focused and Socially-Inclusive

    Rizwana Hasan underscored the need for a shift towards climate-focused and socially-inclusive activities over traditional infrastructure projects. She highlighted the government’s ambitious plan to restore eight major rivers across the country’s divisions, with a particular emphasis on prioritising river-cleaning efforts in Dhaka.

    She also called for tangible actions rather than just formulating plans, urging ADB to support key environmental challenges such as solid waste management, sewage treatment, salinity intrusion, waterlogging, and human-elephant conflicts.

    “To address these critical issues effectively, concessional loans and enhanced collaboration are essential,” Rizwana said.

    Senior officials, including the environment secretary, joint secretary, chief conservator of forests, and ADB representatives, participated in the discussions, signalling a collaborative approach to tackling Bangladesh’s environmental challenges.

    The meeting reflects ADB’s commitment to aligning with Bangladesh’s development priorities, particularly its environmental goals, as the country grapples with the dual challenges of rapid urbanization and climate change. This enhanced support from ADB is expected to catalyse efforts to promote sustainability, strengthen infrastructure, and improve the quality of life for communities across Bangladesh.

    WHO Commends Sri Lanka’s Progressive Approach to Mental Health

    OWSA Contributor
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    WHO Commends Sri Lanka’s Progressive Approach to Mental Health

    The WHO has urged member states in the region to close treatment gaps and ensure accessible services without financial hardship. By prioritizing community-based models and addressing the root causes of mental health challenges, Sri Lanka is setting an example for its neighbours.

    The World Health Organization (WHO) has lauded Sri Lanka’s efforts to reform its mental health care system, highlighting its focus on deinstitutionalization and community-based mental health networks. The commendation was featured in WHO’s 2024 annual report, which underscored Sri Lanka’s initiatives as a model for mental health reform in the South-East Asia region.

    “By transitioning from long-stay institutional care to community-based services, Sri Lanka aims to provide individuals with greater autonomy and support within their communities,” the report noted. This approach addresses the significant barriers to mental health care, including inaccessibility and persistent stigma, common challenges in Sri Lanka and other nations in the region.

    Growing Mental Health Crisis

    The report emphasised that one in seven people in the South-East Asia region lives with a mental health condition. Mental health disorders are now the leading cause of years lost to disability, with depression and schizophrenia being the most debilitating conditions. The WHO has advocated for the reorganization of mental health services across the region, transitioning from institution-centred models to community-driven care.

    Sri Lanka’s socio-economic challenges, including a recent currency crisis, rising unemployment, and redundancies, have further exacerbated mental health concerns. “Most of the determinants of mental health lie outside the health sector,” the WHO report stated, citing factors such as poverty, lack of education, stigma, and the impacts of climate change and migration.

    Despite these challenges, Sri Lanka has taken significant strides to address the mental health crisis. The National Institute of Mental Health provides accessible care to citizens at little to no cost. However, the nation still grapples with a high suicide rate, with an average of eight to nine cases reported daily, amounting to around 3,000 suicides annually.

    WHO’s Vision for Mental Health

    In 2024, the WHO introduced several initiatives aimed at transforming mental health care in the South-East Asia region. The Paro Declaration, which champions universal access to person-centered mental health care, outlines a shift from disease-focused approaches to holistic, community-engaged models.

    Key transformations advocated by the declaration include:

    • Person-Centered Care: Emphasizing prevention, lifestyle interventions, and early support over solely diagnosis and treatment.
    • Community Engagement: Empowering communities to reduce stigma, enhance awareness, and actively participate in mental health initiatives.
    • Holistic Approach: Adopting a bio-psychosocial model that considers the interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors.
    • Decentralized Care: Expanding services into community-based settings and integrating mental health into universal health coverage.

    “Sri Lanka’s adoption of these principles demonstrates its commitment to revolutionizing mental health care,” said Dr. Poonam Khetrapal Singh, Regional Director of WHO South-East Asia.

    Innovations and Future Goals

    Sri Lanka has also implemented groundbreaking tools like the FLII-11 mental health survey, which aims to inform evidence-based policymaking and allocate resources effectively. These initiatives, coupled with a focus on multi-sectoral policies, reflect a progressive approach to addressing mental health risks across the life course.

    The WHO has urged member states in the region to close treatment gaps and ensure accessible services without financial hardship. By prioritizing community-based models and addressing the root causes of mental health challenges, Sri Lanka is setting an example for its neighbours.

    While significant progress has been made, challenges remain. Sri Lanka’s success depends on sustained investment, policy innovation, and addressing socio-economic determinants of mental health. By expanding community engagement and reducing stigma, the country hopes to foster a supportive environment for individuals living with mental health conditions.

    The WHO’s support and Sri Lanka’s commitment signal a new era for mental health care, one that prioritizes wellbeing, inclusivity, and autonomy. With a continued focus on these transformative changes, Sri Lanka could emerge as a regional leader in mental health reform, offering hope to millions across South-East Asia.

    Carter’s Virtue Trumps Mendacity

    Inter Press Service
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    Carter’s Virtue Trumps Mendacity

    Historians view his administration as a watershed in the civil rights struggle, especially in the South. As president he negotiated the first ever peace agreement between Israel and the Arabs. In his post-presidential years, he made a worldwide impact as a humanitarian.

    The fireplace in the State Dining Room of the White House that says, “May none but honest and wise men ever rule under this roof.” President John Adams wrote that in a letter to his wife Abigail in 1800.

    Jimmy Carter was by all accounts a wise, just, and decent man — a man of deep religious faith, who was also circumspect — some may say old fashioned — about his rhetoric.

    He was refreshingly candid in using the country-boy phrase “I’ll whip his ass!” against Democratic primary opponent Sen. Edward Kennedy. Most reporters in that era considered it too harsh or nearly obscene, so instead, they wrote, “I’ll whip his donkey!”

    Carter was honest. When asked by a reporter amid stories of the Kennedy brothers’ sexual indulgences, if he had ever had lust in his heart, he responded straightforwardly, “Yes.” That’s something no other politician would ever do. But it was easy for Carter to admit because he followed the Christian and Calvinist doctrine that “We are all sinners.”

    Historians view his administration as a watershed in the civil rights struggle, especially in the South. As president he negotiated the first ever peace agreement between Israel and the Arabs. In his post-presidential years, he made a worldwide impact as a humanitarian.

    Civic virtue must be faithful to the original concept of American nationhood — favouring citizens ahead of government. Liberty and justice are the watchwords of democracy, not blind obedience to politicians.

    George Washington said, “There exists an indissoluble union between virtue and happiness.” Lincoln advised “Malice toward none…charity for all…firmness in the right.” Carter followed these sentiments at his inauguration with a pledge from the Biblical Prophet Micah: “Do justly, love mercy, walk humbly.”

    By Contrast, Trump…..

    There are two ways of recognising people as honest and wise — by their words and by their deeds. Carter told the truth straight out — even if it was inconvenient or might hurt him. His policies were based on simple fairness, especially in his efforts to overcome the endemic racism of the Old South.

    By contrast, President-elect Trump is famous for the lies and invective-filled slander constantly dripping from his lips: “When somebody hurts you, just go after them as viciously and as violently as you can…. When somebody screws you, screw them back in spades.” Trump’s brand, he said, means, “Power is the only true value.”

    We teach our kids differently. “Be nice,” we always say. Sesame Street TV and First Grade teachers call out children for “Courtesy Lacking.” Why can’t we demand as much from our leaders?

    Trump is a symptom of the ills of our society, not the cause. Today most of us tolerate curses and obscenities that would have scandalised our grandmothers. Trump is simply riding the crest of a flood of indecency that already exists among the public.

    Let’s bring back civic virtue. Jimmy Carter may be the best example of personal rectitude among US leaders in our lifetimes. Let him be your model — not the empty, sleazy suit that is soon to be the next occupant of the White House.

    James E. Jennings PhD is President of Conscience International

    This piece has been sourced from Inter Press Service.

    Image: Wikimedia

    Bangladesh: Foreign Grants for Development Projects Mostly Misdirected

    OWSA Contributor
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    Bangladesh: Foreign Grants for Development Projects Mostly Misdirected

    Experts and economists urged ensuring accountability and transparency for grant-dependent projects to ensure the best value of foreign grants.

    Grants coming for development projects in Bangladesh from several foreign agencies mostly goes for revenue expenditure for consultants, foreign trips, training and salaries, leaving little for real service delivery.

    An analysis of five projects has revealed the state of foreign grant assistance provided for the country’s uplift in various sectors in need.

    Analyzing the five projects – two ongoing, two are newly proposed and another completed – shows that a share of 76 per cent to 98 per cent of grant allocations are being spent for revenue expenditure, while a little amount of grants go for capital spending which helps create any asset.

    Such five projects projected a combined spending worth Tk5.12 billion, while Tk4.74 billion, 92.59 per cent of the total, projected for revenue spending.

    Officials from the Planning Commission and the Economic Relations Division (ERD) said that the development partners reduced grants for infrastructure projects following Bangladesh’s graduation from Lower- Income Countries (LIC) status to Lower Middle- Income Country (LMIC) in 2013.

    They said that flow of grants got reduced significantly and continued only for technical -assistance projects that prioritize study, research and consultancy.

    However, experts and economists urged ensuring accountability and transparency for grant-dependent projects to ensure the best value of foreign grants.

    Some Examples

    Officials of the Planning Commission said that the Ministry of Labour and Employment proposed a project worth Tk828.30 million to ensure social protection for additional 150,000 workers in the textiles and leather sectors. However, Tk815.50 million, or 98.45 per cent of the project cost, is proposed as revenue spending.

    Some Tk 294.00 million, 35.49 percent of the project cost, is proposed for consultants, while over 18 per cent is proposed for training.

    Germany-based GIZ would provide grants for the project. And Tk 12.60 million is proposed under the project for office rent for the GIZ.

    Local government division proposed a project titled “GO4IMpact-Improved Climate Resilient Public Services Delivery through Local Government Institutions in Water and Solid Waste Management” with a support worth Tk 906.96 million from Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation.

    The project, aimed at supplying improved water for 50,000 people living in two Paurasavas and 40 Unions in two districts, offers 76.73 per cent as revenue cost.

    Some Tk 155.43 million, or 17.14 per cent of the total cost, is earmarked as salaries, while Tk 99.15 million, 10.93 per cent, for seminar and conference. A foreign training for 30 people costs Tk 19.47 million.

    “Adaptation to Climate Change into the National and Local Development Planning-II (ACCNLDP-II)” project, aimed at integrating climate-risk information into national planning, project evaluation, and enhancing the capacity of planning and evaluation processes to reduce disaster risks, spent Tk 393.39 million as revenue spending.

    Development of Local Capacity

    Some 96.32per cent of the project cost from a total of Tk 408.44 million went for salaries, wages and training.

    The EU and the UNDP are providing Tk2.59 billion for a project titled “Activating Village Courts in Bangladesh Phase III Project” undertaken by the local government division.

    Some Tk2.46 billion, or 95.17 per cent of the total, is being spent for revenue purpose and Tk 1.22 billion, 47.10 per cent of total grants, spent for consultants from home and abroad.

    Targeting skills building for out-of-school adolescents, this Tk395.77-million project spends 96.02 per cent of its funds on revenue. Management costs for institution-based courses account for Tk 266.33 million, representing 67.29 per cent of the total.

    Dr Mustafa K Mujeri, former DG at the BIDS, says the overwhelming focus on revenue expenditures such as consultancy, salaries, and foreign tours may undermine the sustainability of these projects.

    “While consultancy ensures access to expertise, excessive reliance could limit the development of local capacity and infrastructure. Similarly, high salaries for international staff and training expenditures abroad might reduce the funds available for direct service delivery,” he adds.

    Representational Image from Wikimedia

    US Surgeon General Calls for Cancer Warnings on Alcoholic Beverages

    OWSA Contributor
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    US Surgeon General Calls for Cancer Warnings on Alcoholic Beverages

    The Surgeon General also advocated for reassessing recommended alcohol consumption limits and increasing education efforts to highlight the risks associated with drinking. Health care providers are encouraged to screen for alcohol use and offer treatment referrals when necessary.

    The United States Surgeon General, Dr. Vivek Murthy, has issued a groundbreaking advisory advocating for cancer warning labels on alcoholic beverages. The recommendation follows new research that links alcohol consumption to seven types of cancer, with approximately 100,000 cases and 20,000 deaths annually attributed to alcohol-related cancers in the US. Dr. Murthy emphasized that most Americans remain unaware of these risks, prompting a need for enhanced public health measures.

    Dr. Murthy’s advisory underscores the established connection between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of cancers such as breast (in women), throat, liver, esophagus, mouth, larynx, and colon. “The direct link between alcohol consumption and cancer risk is well-established for at least seven types of cancer, regardless of the type of alcohol consumed,” he stated. Alcohol has been identified as the third most common preventable cause of cancer, following tobacco use and obesity.

    To address this public health concern, Dr. Murthy called for updates to existing warning labels on alcoholic beverages, which have remained unchanged since 1988. Current labels primarily warn against alcohol consumption during pregnancy and highlight the risks of impaired driving and general health problems. Implementing new cancer-specific warnings would require legislative action by Congress. However, it remains uncertain whether such changes will gain political support, especially with the incoming Trump administration.

    The Surgeon General also advocated for reassessing recommended alcohol consumption limits and increasing education efforts to highlight the risks associated with drinking. Health care providers are encouraged to screen for alcohol use and offer treatment referrals when necessary.

    Health, Safety Warnings on Alcohol

    The advisory has already sparked economic repercussions, with media reports indicating a four per cent drop in the stock prices of major European and American alcohol producers following the announcement. This reaction reflects growing global scrutiny of the alcohol industry’s role in public health concerns.

    Internationally, other nations have taken similar steps to address the health risks of alcohol. Ireland recently became the first country to mandate cancer-specific warnings on all alcoholic beverage labels, a policy set to take effect in 2026. South Korea also requires warnings about the cancer risks of alcohol consumption. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of member states mandating health and safety warnings on alcohol increased from 31 in 2014 to 47 by 2018.

    Dr. Murthy’s push aligns with a broader global trend of reassessing alcohol consumption guidelines. Several studies have concluded that no level of alcohol consumption is entirely safe, prompting many countries to revise their recommended limits.

    Despite these findings, implementing stricter regulations in the US faces significant challenges. Updating warning labels would necessitate Congressional approval, and industry resistance is likely. Nonetheless, public health advocates argue that increasing awareness about alcohol-related cancer risks is a critical step toward reducing preventable illnesses and deaths.

    As the debate unfolds, Dr. Murthy’s advisory marks a pivotal moment in the conversation about alcohol and public health. By highlighting the hidden dangers of alcohol consumption, the Surgeon General aims to empower Americans to make informed decisions and spark a national dialogue on this pressing issue.

    Pakistan: Shagufta Khan’s Mission Against Child Marriages in Balochistan

    OWSA Contributor
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    Pakistan: Shagufta Khan’s Mission Against Child Marriages in Balochistan

    The current draft of the anti-child marriage bill, developed with inputs from the Council of Islamic Ideology, religious scholars, political parties, and other stakeholders, has been stuck in legislative limbo.

    In the rugged terrain of Pakistan’s Balochistan province, where societal traditions often overshadow progressive ideals, the persistent practice of child marriages remains a grim reality. Leading a determined fight against this practice is Shagufta Khan, a survivor turned activist, whose personal experiences have fueled her mission to protect vulnerable young girls from a similar fate.

    Born and raised in Quetta, Shagufta’s life took a dramatic turn at the tender age of 15 when she was married off to a man in his seventies. Reflecting on her ordeal, she describes a life riddled with domestic troubles and mistreatment by her in-laws. “The huge age difference between us made me realize that neither my husband nor I could comprehend each other’s differing points of view on how to carry their relationship,” Shagufta shared in an interview with Voicepk.net. After enduring years of hardship, she made the courageous decision to separate from her husband, reclaiming her life and independence.

    Today, Shagufta is living a peaceful and fulfilling life, but she has not forgotten her painful past. Determined to make a difference, she established a welfare organization dedicated to combating child marriages. “I have seen young girls being tortured and thought, how long would the practice of child marriages last in our society?” she questioned. Her work involves visiting households, engaging directly with parents, and urging them to delay their daughters’ marriages. Her efforts are part of a broader movement to create awareness about the harmful consequences of early marriages, including physical health risks, psychological trauma, and the long-term societal impact.

    A Legislative Struggle

    While grassroots activism continues to challenge entrenched norms, the legislative battle against child marriages in Balochistan has been disappointingly sluggish. Human rights activist Sana Durrani, who has long campaigned against this practice, highlights the challenges. “Since 2010, activists have worked towards legislation to stop child marriages, but the proposed bills, despite approvals from cabinets on several occasions, could not proceed to the voting stage in the provincial assembly,” she explained.

    The current draft of the anti-child marriage bill, developed with inputs from the Council of Islamic Ideology, religious scholars, political parties, and other stakeholders, has been stuck in legislative limbo. Although approved by the provincial cabinet, it has yet to be tabled in the provincial assembly for a vote. This delay has left activists and community members frustrated, as they continue to witness the devastating consequences of child marriages in districts like Turbat and other parts of the province.

    Raising Awareness through Art

    Efforts to combat child marriages are not limited to legislative advocacy. In a recent event organized at a hotel in Quetta, a private organization showcased a short film titled Salma. The film poignantly depicted the severe consequences of child marriages, including the health risks faced by young mothers and the broader societal implications. “The purpose of producing and screening Salma is to raise societal awareness of marrying girls at an appropriate age,” said Sadia Atta, provincial lead of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

    The event drew a significant audience of men and women, demonstrating a growing recognition of the issue among local communities. Such initiatives play a critical role in challenging deeply ingrained cultural practices and fostering dialogue about the importance of education and empowerment for girls.

    Political Promises and Grim Realities

    Adding a glimmer of hope, Hadia Nawaz, a member of the Balochistan Assembly, recently announced that the provincial cabinet had approved measures to curb child marriages. She expressed optimism that the legislation would soon gain full approval in the assembly. If passed, this could mark a turning point in the fight against the practice.

    However, activists warn against complacency. Organizations working on the issue report alarming maternal mortality rates among young brides and the collapse of families forced into premature unions. Despite these stark realities, the government has yet to implement effective, long-term solutions.

    The Road Ahead

    The battle against child marriages in Balochistan remains an uphill climb. While awareness campaigns and grassroots efforts have made some progress, the absence of robust legislation and enforcement continues to hinder meaningful change. Shagufta Khan’s tireless advocacy and the efforts of organizations like UNFPA and local activists highlight the potential for a brighter future. But the question lingers: will these efforts finally galvanize the political will needed to end child marriages in Balochistan?

    As the proposed anti-child marriage bill awaits its day on the assembly floor, the voices of survivors like Shagufta, activists like Sana Durrani, and countless other silent sufferers call for urgent action. Their collective hope is to break the cycle of early marriages, ensuring that young girls in Balochistan can dream of a life beyond societal constraints—a life defined by education, opportunity, and choice.

    Nepal Moves Forward with Key Anti-Corruption Legislation amid Growing Public Concern

    OWSA Contributor
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    Nepal Moves Forward with Key Anti-Corruption Legislation amid Growing Public Concern

    The bill, which incorporates recommendations from a sub-committee led by Hridaya Ram Thani, was unanimously approved during Thursday’s committee meeting chaired by Ram Hari Khatiwada.

    The State Affairs and Good Governance Committee of Nepal’s House of Representatives passed a significant bill on Thursday aimed at amending the Prevention of Corruption Act, 2059. This legislative move marks a pivotal step in the country’s ongoing battle against corruption, a pervasive issue that has long hindered economic development and governance.

    The bill, which incorporates recommendations from a sub-committee led by Hridaya Ram Thani, was unanimously approved during Thursday’s committee meeting chaired by Ram Hari Khatiwada. The session also featured Minister for Home Affairs, Ramesh Lekhak, who advocated for the bill on behalf of the government, stating, “This amendment reflects the government’s commitment to tackling corruption at all levels. We urge all members to support its implementation.”

    The amendment’s approval follows extensive deliberations among lawmakers and stakeholders. Among those present were former Prime Minister and CPN (Maoist Center) Chairperson Pushpa Kamal Dahal and Nepali Congress (NC) General Secretary Gagan Kumar Thapa. Both leaders reiterated their support for stringent anti-corruption measures.

    “During my tenure as Prime Minister, I emphasised that no one is above the law when it comes to corruption,” Dahal said. He urged the government to prioritise reclaiming public assets, such as Shera Durbar of Nuwakot, which has been embroiled in controversy.

    Thapa echoed similar sentiments, demanding a comprehensive investigation into high-profile corruption cases, including the Shera Durbar, Lalita Niwas, and Giribandhu scams. “It is imperative to establish a special commission to ensure thorough investigations. We need justice for the innocent and accountability for the guilty, regardless of their political affiliations,” he added.

    Nepal’s Corruption Landscape

    Transparency International’s 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index ranked Nepal 108th out of 180 countries, with a score of 35 on a scale where 0 represents high corruption and 100 signifies a clean system. While this ranking shows a slight improvement from the previous year, it underscores the persistent challenges Nepal faces in curbing corruption.

    Historically, Nepal’s corruption rank has fluctuated significantly, peaking at 154 in 2011 and reaching its lowest point of 90 in 2004. Estimates suggest corruption drains up to $3.3 billion annually from Nepal’s economy, inflating the cost of living and diverting resources meant for development. Transparency International also reports that corruption inflates water costs by 30 per cent and general product prices by 20 per cent.

    Strengthening Legal and Institutional Frameworks

    Nepal’s ratification of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) in 2011 marked a turning point in its anti-corruption efforts. The government’s National Strategy and Plan of Actions includes 13 sub-strategies and 173 activities aimed at combating corruption. These initiatives align with UNCAC’s principles, focusing on prevention, law enforcement, and asset recovery.

    In this context, the recent ‘Partnering in Anti-Corruption Knowledge (PACK)’ has been instrumental. The training brought together government officials, donor agencies, and international organisations, fostering collaboration on anti-corruption strategies.

    The PACK workshop highlighted several actionable steps to enhance Nepal’s anti-corruption framework:

    1. Consolidation of Anti-Corruption Agencies: Strengthening the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA) as the lead agency to streamline efforts.
    2. Regional Judicial Strengthening: Establishing regional courts to reduce the burden on central authorities.
    3. Rule of Law Enforcement: Enhancing legal frameworks to ensure a stable foundation for development.
    4. Judicial Independence and Civil Society Engagement: Promoting free and fair legal proceedings and fostering an active civil society to counter corruption.
    5. Private Sector Interaction: Engaging businesses to raise awareness and implement anti-corruption measures.

    The donor community, which brings much money into the Himalayan country, has also emphasised the need for criminalising corruption across sectors, including public and private domains, to ensure holistic development.

    Broader Implications for Governance and Development

    The bill to amend the Prevention of Corruption Act reflects growing recognition of the economic and social costs of corruption. As Nepal continues to grapple with high-profile cases, public trust in governance hinges on visible and decisive action.

    The passage of this legislation by the State Affairs and Good Governance Committee sets the stage for parliamentary approval. If enacted, it will strengthen existing laws, introduce stricter penalties for corrupt practices, and bolster Nepal’s compliance with international anti-corruption standards.

    While challenges remain, particularly in ensuring the implementation of anti-corruption measures, recent developments signal a positive trajectory. By addressing systemic weaknesses and fostering collaboration among stakeholders, Nepal is taking critical steps to build a transparent and accountable governance system.

    As the bill progresses to the House of Representatives, the eyes of the nation – and the international community – are on Nepal’s leaders to deliver on their promises and pave the way for a corruption-free future.

    BNP Calls for Transparency in Power Contracts Signed During Awami League Rule

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    BNP Calls for Transparency in Power Contracts Signed During Awami League Rule

    As the BNP continues to raise its voice against what it calls the “illusion of prosperity” created by the Awami League, its demands for transparency are expected to resonate with citizens concerned about the country’s economic future.

    The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) has called on the interim government to disclose all contracts made in the power and energy sectors during the Awami League’s 15-year rule, alleging widespread corruption and irregularities. BNP leaders claim that the Awami League’s governance in the power sector has created an “illusion of development” while draining public resources.

    Speaking at a press conference, BNP standing committee member and former state minister for power Iqbal Hasan Mahmud Tuku emphasised the need for transparency. “I urge the interim government to disclose every contract signed in the power sector over the past 15 years,” Tuku said, accusing the Awami League of bypassing public procurement rules and awarding contracts through closed tenders.

    Allegations of Mismanagement and Corruption

    The BNP alleges that the government’s focus on quick rental power plants and capacity payments has led to substantial financial losses. According to Tuku, “The total expenditure in the power sector over the last 15 years is approximately Tk 3,33,940 crore, with around Taka 1,00,000 crore looted under the guise of capacity charges.”

    Capacity charges are payments made to private power plants even when they are not operational. Tuku stated that many machines in these plants were faulty, yet the companies continued to profit. Among the top beneficiaries of capacity charges, Summit Group received Taka 10,630 crore, Agro International Taka 7,932 crore, Ultra Power Holdings Taka 7,523 crore, United Group Taka 6,575 crore, and RPCPL Taka 5,117 crore, according to BNP’s data.

    In addition to domestic projects, the BNP raised concerns over electricity imports from India. “Under the guise of importing electricity from India, Taka 11,115 crore has been paid in capacity charges over the last nine years,” Tuku said, alluding to the deal with Adani Power.

    Broader Economic Implications

    Tuku also warned that corruption in the power sector could have long-term consequences for Bangladesh’s economy. “The government is struggling to repay debts incurred due to massive corruption in the power sector. This pressure poses a threat to the stability of the country’s economy and may lead to a severe foreign exchange crisis after 2027,” he cautioned.

    The BNP alleges that the economic instability caused by these issues is deterring investment and eroding public trust. Addressing the conference, BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir echoed Tuku’s concerns. “It seems to us that the most corruption in the power and energy sector occurred during the 16 years of Awami League rule,” Fakhrul said.

    Accusations Against High-Profile Projects and Figures

    The BNP did not spare high-profile projects from criticism. Tuku alleged that $500 million was plundered from the Russia-backed Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant Project, describing it as a source of large-scale corruption. He also accused the “Awami Syndicate” of looting significant amounts of money through the smart meter project and LNG ventures. A company owned by former state minister for power Nasrul Hamid Bipu was specifically implicated in alleged irregularities involving LNG projects.

    Public Accountability Demanded

    The BNP leaders emphasised the importance of transparency and public participation in project implementation to curb corruption. “The people have a right to know the details of these deals,” Tuku said, calling for strict laws to prevent future corruption and urging the interim government to act.

    Fakhrul added that political debates often obscure corruption in governance. “They (Awami League) gain internal advantages because of this. If we don’t speak out, people will slowly forget the corruption and misdeeds of the Awami League,” he said.

    In response to questions about the BNP’s plans if it returns to power, Fakhrul assured a thorough investigation into the alleged corruption. “We will review the corruption and irregularities in the power sector and take appropriate actions accordingly,” he said.

    As the BNP continues to raise its voice against what it calls the “illusion of prosperity” created by the Awami League, its demands for transparency are expected to resonate with citizens concerned about the country’s economic future.

    Pakistan: Absence of Wheat Procurement Strains Farming Sector

    OWSA Contributor
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    Pakistan: Absence of Wheat Procurement Strains Farming Sector

    Agricultural experts emphasise the necessity of a unified federal-provincial approach to address systemic issues. Consistency in policy and leadership is critical, they argue, as frequent changes in key positions hinder long-term progress.

    Pakistan’s agricultural sector, a cornerstone of its economy, is grappling with challenges despite record-breaking harvests in 2023-24. While the federal and provincial governments have lauded the year as a success, citing a 6.25 per cent growth in the sector, farmers and stakeholders express dissatisfaction with key policy decisions, particularly in Punjab.

    The past fiscal year witnessed a remarkable surge in agricultural production. Wheat, the staple crop and a vital contributor to Pakistan’s economy, saw its harvest climb to 31.4 million tons, exceeding the previous year’s 28.2 million tons. This success pushed wheat’s share in agriculture to 9 per cent and bolstered its contribution to the GDP to 2.2 per cent. Other crops followed suit: rice production jumped by an astounding 34.8 per cent to 9.9 million tons, while cotton saw a 108.2 per cent increase, with harvests reaching 10.2 million bales. Conversely, sugarcane production slightly declined by 0.4 per cent to 87.6 million tons.

    Despite these promising numbers, farmers’ enthusiasm was short-lived. The Punjab government, under an agreement with the World Bank, refrained from procuring wheat, leaving growers at the mercy of market forces. This decision undermined the government’s minimum support price (MSP) of Rs. 3,900 per 40 kg, with farmers often receiving at least Rs. 100 less. “This price discrepancy has cost farmers dearly,” lamented Khalid Mahmood Khokhar, President of Pakistan Kissan Ittehad. “Wheat acts as an economic engine for farmers; a fair price for wheat positively influences other crops.”

    Policy Challenges and Farmer Discontent

    Punjab’s withdrawal from the wheat market marks a significant shift in agricultural policy. The provincial government’s decision aimed to reduce fiscal strain but left farmers vulnerable to volatile market dynamics. Khokhar predicts a downturn in wheat production for the current fiscal year, which could negatively impact overall agricultural growth.

    To mitigate the fallout, the Punjab government has introduced initiatives such as the Kissan Card program. This scheme provides subsidized inputs and interest-free loans up to Rs. 150,000, with a budget of Rs. 9 billion allocated for the year. Other measures include the Green Tractor scheme, offering Rs30 billion in financing for tractor purchases, and the solarization of 7,000 tube wells with a Rs9 billion allocation. While these steps have been welcomed, stakeholders argue they cater to only a small fraction of farmers.

    “The initiatives are encouraging but insufficient,” said Rizwan Malik, a farmer from South Punjab. “Rising costs of seeds, fertilizers, diesel, and labor have offset the gains from higher yields. The lack of timely and fair payments, particularly in sugarcane farming, adds to the frustration.” Malik also highlighted water scarcity and the need for comprehensive reforms in agricultural processes, from input procurement to crop marketing.

    Broader Concerns and the Need for Reform

    Agricultural experts emphasise the necessity of a unified federal-provincial approach to address systemic issues. Consistency in policy and leadership is critical, they argue, as frequent changes in key positions hinder long-term progress. Yusuf Zafar, former chairman of the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, pointed out that Pakistan’s population growth outpaces its agricultural production, necessitating a sustained annual growth rate of over 6 per cent.

    “Political will and coordinated efforts are essential to achieve surplus crops,” Zafar asserted. “While rice exports have doubled this year, incidents like the European Union intercepting consignments due to pest issues highlight the need for stringent quality control.”

    Adding to the uncertainty, the federal government’s restructuring and rightsizing drive has unsettled employees in agricultural institutions. “Amid fears of mergers and closures, critical departments related to agriculture and research are struggling to function effectively,” Zafar noted. “Without stability, the sector’s progress is at risk.”

    Complex Dynamics

    The path forward for Pakistan’s agriculture sector hinges on addressing these challenges comprehensively. Farmers, who form the backbone of the rural economy, need fair market access and robust support systems. Policymakers must ensure that initiatives like the Kissan Card have broader reach and tangible outcomes. Investment in irrigation infrastructure, affordable inputs, and modern farming practices is vital to sustain growth.

    As the government navigates these complex dynamics, one thing remains clear: the potential of Pakistan’s agriculture sector can only be fully realised when the benefits of record harvests are equitably shared among all stakeholders. Failure to do so risks not only economic setbacks but also the livelihood of millions dependent on this critical industry.

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