type here...
More

    World Bank Approves $400M Loan to Support Key Development Projects in Bangladesh

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    World Bank Approves $400M Loan to Support Key Development Projects in Bangladesh

    The loan is also strategically important as Bangladesh seeks to attract more foreign investment and strengthen its global economic standing. By addressing key challenges the loan positions the country to better navigate the future and enhance its overall competitiveness on the global stage.

    The World Bank has approved a $400 million loan to finance a series of critical development projects aimed at boosting Bangladesh’s infrastructure, economic growth, and resilience. The loan, which is part of a broader effort to support the country’s long-term development, is expected to produce six key outcomes that will significantly impact various sectors of the economy. This approval follows a detailed assessment of Bangladesh’s needs and comes at a pivotal moment when the country is grappling with both the challenges of rapid growth and the impacts of climate change.

    The financial package is designed to bolster several key areas of development, including infrastructure upgrades, fiscal management, and poverty alleviation. World Bank officials believe that this support will help Bangladesh address its pressing challenges while also capitalizing on opportunities to improve public services, enhance economic resilience, and foster greater inclusion.

    Improved Infrastructure and Connectivity

    The loan will play a vital role in improving Bangladesh’s infrastructure, especially transportation and energy systems. One of the primary outcomes of the World Bank funding is the enhancement of road networks and the construction of vital infrastructure projects that will facilitate better connectivity between regions. This will not only help businesses access markets more efficiently but will also provide rural communities with improved access to basic services. With faster and more reliable transportation options, goods and services can be moved more efficiently, contributing to economic growth.

    Furthermore, investments in energy infrastructure are also expected to result in more reliable power supplies, a critical factor for industrial growth and expanding the nation’s economy.

    Enhanced Fiscal Management and Governance

    A second significant outcome from the loan will be strengthening Bangladesh’s fiscal management systems. With the financial support from the World Bank, the government will focus on improving budgeting practices, public financial management, and accountability within its institutions. These reforms are expected to enhance the transparency of government spending and reduce inefficiencies that can drain resources meant for development.

    The loan will also help modernize the country’s public sector governance, creating a more responsive and transparent administration. By improving public financial management, Bangladesh can ensure that the funds are allocated efficiently, boosting the overall effectiveness of development projects and minimizing corruption.

    Boost to Private Sector Development

    Private sector development will receive a boost through improved governance and infrastructure, which will create a more attractive environment for investment. The World Bank loan is expected to help create the conditions for businesses to thrive, leading to increased private sector participation in the economy.

    The improved infrastructure and energy reliability will reduce operational costs for businesses, while the enhanced fiscal environment will promote investor confidence. A more robust private sector is expected to create jobs, drive innovation, and contribute to the overall diversification of the economy.

    Promotion of Economic Resilience

    Another anticipated outcome is an increase in the country’s resilience to economic shocks, especially those stemming from climate change and natural disasters. The World Bank loan will support climate-smart infrastructure projects, including flood control systems, disaster-resilient buildings, and sustainable energy projects that can withstand extreme weather events.

    Bangladesh is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels, flooding, and cyclones. By integrating climate resilience into infrastructure development, the country can mitigate the economic and social costs associated with these challenges, while also ensuring that development gains are sustained over time.

    Support for Poverty Reduction and Inclusivity

    One of the most important goals of the loan is to promote inclusive growth by focusing on poverty reduction. The World Bank’s funding will support initiatives aimed at improving social protection systems, providing education, and increasing access to healthcare for marginalized communities. Investments in rural development projects are also expected to uplift those who are most in need, helping to close the poverty gap between urban and rural populations.

    By targeting poverty reduction alongside infrastructure development, Bangladesh can ensure that its growth benefits all sections of society, particularly the most vulnerable.

    Strengthening Social and Environmental Sustainability

    The loan is also expected to promote greater social and environmental sustainability. With a focus on eco-friendly infrastructure, sustainable resource management, and social inclusion, the projects funded by the World Bank will be designed to minimize environmental damage while fostering long-term social benefits.

    The funding will also support initiatives aimed at improving public health and education, ensuring that future generations are equipped with the skills and resources needed to thrive in a rapidly changing world. By addressing environmental sustainability alongside economic growth, Bangladesh can secure a balanced and sustainable future for its citizens.

    Strategic Importance for Bangladesh’s Development

    The World Bank’s $400 million loan is part of an ongoing partnership between Bangladesh and the international financial institution. The loan aligns with the government’s vision of transforming the country into a middle-income economy by the end of the decade. With rapid urbanization, demographic growth, and an expanding manufacturing sector, the financial support is crucial to ensuring that the nation’s development trajectory remains on track.

    The loan is also strategically important as Bangladesh seeks to attract more foreign investment and strengthen its global economic standing. By addressing key challenges—such as infrastructure bottlenecks, fiscal management, and environmental risks—the loan positions the country to better navigate the future and enhance its overall competitiveness on the global stage.

    In conclusion, the World Bank’s $400 million loan to Bangladesh will result in tangible outcomes that contribute to the country’s long-term stability, economic growth, and resilience. With a focus on infrastructure, governance, inclusivity, and sustainability, the funding is expected to make a significant difference in shaping the nation’s future, ensuring that development is both broad-based and sustainable.

    Climate Change Could Slash GDP in Developing Asia and the Pacific by 17 Per Cent by 2070, ADB Warns

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Climate Change Could Slash GDP in Developing Asia and the Pacific by 17 Per Cent by 2070, ADB Warns

    The ADB report says that by 2070, the forecasted impacts of climate change could threaten not just the future of Asia-Pacific’s economy but the livelihoods of millions who rely on a stable and prosperous environment.

    The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has issued a stark warning about the economic consequences of climate change in the Asia-Pacific region, projecting that the region’s GDP could be reduced by up to 17 per cent by 2070 if climate change is not addressed. In its latest Asia and the Pacific Climate Change Report – 2024, the ADB emphasizes that the combined effects of extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and other climate impacts could substantially undermine the region’s growth, with the poorest countries most vulnerable.

    The report, which analyses the potential economic impacts of climate change across 49 developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, underscores how rising global temperatures could accelerate existing inequalities. According to the ADB’s findings, climate change will disproportionately affect agricultural productivity, infrastructure, labour markets, and health systems — areas where many of the region’s most vulnerable populations depend heavily.

    Economic Losses: 5 to 17 Per Cent

    The report’s projections show a wide range of economic impacts based on varying climate scenarios. Under a business-as-usual scenario, where global temperatures rise by more than 3°C by the end of the century, the developing Asia-Pacific economy could lose up to 17 per cent of its GDP by 2070. Even under a more moderate climate trajectory, with a 2°C temperature increase, the region could see losses of up to 5 per cent of GDP.

    While the report emphasizes that these figures are estimates and will depend on the pace of climate action, it paints a bleak picture of the region’s future without immediate and substantial mitigation efforts. The ADB’s Chief Economist, Albert Park, noted that the economic toll from climate-related disruptions would compound existing challenges like poverty, unemployment, and income inequality.

    Vulnerable Sectors in Focus

    The ADB’s analysis highlights several sectors most at risk from climate change:

    Agriculture: Agricultural yields are expected to decline due to rising temperatures, droughts, floods, and changing rainfall patterns. Countries with significant agricultural sectors, like India, Vietnam, and Indonesia, are expected to face the worst impacts. The report estimates that agricultural productivity could fall by as much as 20 per cent in some countries.

    Infrastructure and Cities: Rising sea levels and extreme weather events threaten the infrastructure of coastal cities such as Manila, Jakarta, and Dhaka, which house millions of people. Damage to roads, bridges, and utilities from flooding and storms is expected to cost billions of dollars. Furthermore, the increased frequency of heatwaves could strain energy systems and public health services.

    Health: Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns will likely lead to the spread of diseases like malaria and dengue fever, while extreme heat will increase the incidence of heat-related illnesses. These health threats could place immense pressure on already strained healthcare systems in many developing countries.

    Labour Markets: Labour productivity will also be affected as the physical and mental toll of climate change increases. Heat stress, for instance, could reduce workers’ efficiency, particularly in construction, agriculture, and manufacturing sectors. In the worst-case scenario, labour losses could reduce economic output by up to 5 per cent by 2070.

    Inequalities and the Need for Climate Action

    The ADB report stresses that the impact of climate change will exacerbate the inequalities that already exist in the region. The poorest nations — many of which rely heavily on agriculture and low-lying coastal areas — will bear the brunt of these economic losses. These countries often have the fewest resources to adapt to climate change, making them more vulnerable to its effects.

    At the same time, the report highlights the vast potential benefits of early climate action. By implementing ambitious emissions reduction strategies, investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, and enhancing disaster preparedness, countries in the region can not only reduce their future economic losses but also capitalize on new opportunities in the growing green economy. The ADB calls for substantial investments in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable agricultural practices as part of an effort to create jobs and stimulate economic growth while mitigating climate risks.

    Calls for Immediate Action

    The ADB report urges governments, businesses, and international organizations to collaborate on scaling up climate financing and policy interventions. With the financial support of developed countries, developing nations can enhance their resilience to climate impacts and accelerate the transition to low-carbon economies.

    In addition to policy shifts, the ADB advocates for innovation and the development of new technologies to boost climate resilience, such as early-warning systems for extreme weather events, drought-resistant crops, and green infrastructure projects that can withstand floods and rising sea levels.

    “The window of opportunity to avoid catastrophic climate impacts is rapidly closing,” said Park. “If we act now, we can limit the damage and ensure that the Asia-Pacific region continues to thrive, but this requires coordinated global action and significant investment in both adaptation and mitigation.”

    Call for Regional Cooperation

    The report also emphasizes the importance of regional cooperation in tackling climate change. As one of the world’s fastest-growing regions, Asia and the Pacific must navigate the challenges posed by a changing climate while maintaining economic growth. Regional partnerships, including those with the United Nations and international development agencies, will be crucial in financing and coordinating climate action across borders.

    The ADB’s report concludes with a call for urgent and sustained efforts to combat climate change. Without a concerted and coordinated global response, the economic cost of inaction will be devastating, both for the region and for the world.

    New ADB research finds the impacts of climate change could reduce gross domestic product in developing Asia and the Pacific by 17 per cent by 2070 under a high-end greenhouse gas emissions scenario, rising to 41 per cent by 2100.

    Image: Hippopx

    Sri Lanka Customs Delays Harming Competitiveness, Fuelling Corruption, Research Finds

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Sri Lanka Customs Delays Harming Competitiveness, Fuelling Corruption, Research Finds

    While large corporations may have the ability to weather such inefficiencies, small and medium-sized enterprises, in particular, are vulnerable to these delays, as they often lack the resources to absorb the additional costs.

    Research findings reveal that delays within Sri Lanka’s Customs operations are significantly undermining the country’s competitiveness and fostering an environment ripe for corruption. A study published by Sri Lanka’s Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) found that inefficiencies in Customs procedures are not only increasing business costs but are also eroding investor confidence in the country’s trade sector.

    According to the research, bottlenecks in Customs clearance processes are forcing businesses to endure long waiting times for imports and exports, ultimately affecting the timeliness and cost-effectiveness of trade. The study highlights that delays in the clearance of goods are causing financial losses for businesses, adding up to a national economic disadvantage in the competitive global market.

    Complex, Slow System

    The research points to Sri Lanka’s complex and outdated Customs procedures as the root cause of the delays. Customs clearance, which includes the inspection of goods and documentation checks, is often bogged down by bureaucratic inefficiencies, inadequate technology, and inconsistent enforcement practices. In some cases, businesses are forced to pay higher costs due to extended storage periods, demurrage fees, and the disruption of production schedules.

    Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in particular, are vulnerable to these delays, as they often lack the resources to absorb the additional costs. While large corporations may have the ability to weather such inefficiencies, SMEs face a disproportionate burden, which stifles their growth and limits their participation in global markets.

    “Businesses are struggling with unpredictable delays in Customs clearance. These inefficiencies add unnecessary costs and uncertainty, which in turn make Sri Lanka a less attractive destination for international trade and investment,” said Dr. Dushni Weerakoon, Executive Director of IPS, during a presentation of the study’s findings.

    The IPS study found that Sri Lanka ranks poorly in comparison to its regional competitors in terms of trade facilitation. For instance, in the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index, Sri Lanka’s Customs procedures lag behind countries such as India, Bangladesh, and even smaller regional players like Myanmar, despite the island nation’s strategic location and significant potential as a trade hub.

    The Cost of Delays

    The impact of these delays is not only financial but also reputational. Sri Lanka’s ports and airports, which serve as key gateways for trade, are increasingly seen as unreliable by foreign investors. A delay in Customs clearance can disrupt an entire supply chain, causing knock-on effects that extend to downstream industries, such as retail, manufacturing, and logistics.

    One major concern highlighted in the report is the high cost of perishable goods and the vulnerability of the agricultural sector. Delays in clearing agricultural imports or exports can cause spoilage or reduce shelf life, leading to financial losses for producers and traders.

    Moreover, Sri Lanka’s reliance on imports for raw materials and essential goods means that delays are also affecting domestic industries that depend on timely deliveries. In industries such as electronics, machinery, and pharmaceuticals, the research notes, disruptions can lead to product shortages and increased prices, further exacerbating inflationary pressures on the economy.

    Corruption and Transparency

    The study further found that Customs delays are fostering an environment where corruption can thrive. While not widespread, bribery and kickbacks have been reported in relation to speeding up clearance processes. Customs officers, whose discretion often plays a large role in clearance decisions, have been accused of soliciting payments to expedite shipments, a practice that can create an uneven playing field for businesses.

    “Customs inefficiencies and lack of transparency are breeding grounds for corrupt practices. Without a clear and streamlined process, businesses often find themselves under pressure to pay bribes to avoid costly delays, perpetuating a cycle of corruption,” said Weerakoon.

    The IPS researchers argue that Sri Lanka’s Customs operations require an urgent overhaul, including better training for officers, the adoption of modern technology, and a more transparent approach to Customs procedures. The implementation of a digital system to track and expedite the flow of goods is seen as a potential game-changer in reducing delays and improving efficiency.

    The Road Ahead

    Addressing the Customs inefficiency challenge, however, will require coordinated efforts across the government, private sector, and international partners. There is a need for political will and institutional reforms to simplify regulations and modernize Customs processes. The study advocates for the establishment of an independent body to monitor and ensure the effectiveness of reforms, ensuring that they are implemented consistently and equitably.

    For Sri Lanka to reclaim its competitive edge as a regional trade hub, experts stress the importance of aligning the Customs operations with global best practices. The government has already made some attempts at modernization, including the introduction of the Sri Lanka Customs Automated System, but the report stresses that more needs to be done to streamline operations and reduce delays further.

    As Sri Lanka seeks to recover from the economic challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and rebuild investor confidence, the findings of this research present an important opportunity for policymakers to address one of the key bottlenecks hindering the nation’s economic growth.

    Improving Customs operations could not only boost trade but also foster a more transparent, efficient, and competitive business environment for the country’s future.

    Image: LinkedIn

    Study Reveals How Climate Shaped Indian History Through Vegetation Changes

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Study Reveals How Climate Shaped Indian History Through Vegetation Changes

    During periods of warmer temperatures, such as the Roman Warm Period and the Medieval Warm Period, vegetation patterns suggest increased agricultural productivity, which may have supported the growth of powerful dynasties such as the Guptas, the Gurjar Pratiharas, and the Cholas.

    A groundbreaking study has revealed how climate-driven changes in vegetation have played a pivotal role in shaping the course of Indian history over the past two millennia. By analysing ancient pollen preserved in soil cores from the Ganga plain, researchers have uncovered a detailed record of how fluctuations in the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) influenced agriculture, human migrations, and the rise and fall of major dynasties. The study offers new insights into the interplay between climate, vegetation, and history, while underscoring the importance of understanding past climate patterns to better predict future challenges.

    The research, led by scientists from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) in collaboration with Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research and the University of Lucknow, focused on the Central Ganga Plain (CGP) — an area of critical importance in Indian history and civilization. Despite its significance, there has been a notable scarcity of paleoclimate records for the late Holocene (approximately the last 2,500 years) in this region, making this study a critical step in filling a major research gap.

    To uncover the climatic history of the region, the team comprising of Dr. Anjali Trivedi of the Lucknow-based Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, and Anupam Nag, and other scientists analysed sediment cores extracted from Sarsapukhra Lake, located in Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh. The core samples contained pollen grains, which are microscopic remnants of plants that are capable of surviving for thousands of years in soil and sediment. These pollen grains, combined with other multiproxy analyses and the Earth System Paleoclimate Simulation (ESPS) model, allowed the researchers to reconstruct a detailed record of the ISM patterns over the past 2,000 years.

    The research was carried out by the scientists of the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences in collaboration with the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.

    Migration Patterns and Shifts in Political Power

    The findings highlight how shifts in temperature and rainfall — particularly the intensity and distribution of the monsoon — have directly impacted vegetation patterns and agricultural productivity in the region. The study identified key climatic episodes, including the Roman Warm Period, the Dark Ages Cold Period, the Medieval Warm Period, and the Little Ice Age. These fluctuations, the researchers argue, had far-reaching consequences for the people living in the subcontinent, influencing both local ecosystems and larger historical trajectories.

    One of the study’s most striking findings is the way these climatic shifts appear to have coincided with significant historical events. For instance, during periods of warmer temperatures, such as the Roman Warm Period and the Medieval Warm Period, vegetation patterns suggest increased agricultural productivity, which may have supported the growth of powerful dynasties such as the Guptas, the Gurjar Pratiharas, and the Cholas. Conversely, cooler periods, like the Dark Ages Cold Period and the Little Ice Age, were associated with declines in agricultural output, which likely contributed to social stress and migrations.

    The researchers suggest that these climatic changes might have been a driving force behind the migration patterns and shifts in political power seen in Indian history. For example, during cooler periods when the monsoon weakened, there may have been greater pressure on agricultural systems, leading to food shortages and population movements. This could have contributed to the collapse of certain dynasties, as well as the emergence of new powers in response to changing environmental conditions.

    Food Security

    One of the key insights of the study is the connection between climate, agriculture, and the stability of ancient civilizations. By examining historical records alongside the climatic data, the researchers propose that understanding past climate trends is essential for predicting future challenges — particularly in terms of food security. Given the ongoing threats posed by climate change, including unpredictable monsoon patterns, crop failures, and increasing temperatures, the study suggests that modern agricultural practices could benefit from lessons drawn from the past.

    For instance, by identifying crops that thrived during periods of similar climatic stress in history, agricultural strategies could be adapted to ensure productivity in the face of current climate challenges. Such proactive measures could help mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture, ensuring food security and economic resilience in the future.

    Significant Contribution to Palaeoclimatology

    The study also highlights the importance of understanding how past civilizations adapted to their changing environments. As the climate continues to shift, policymakers, farmers, and scientists alike can draw on these historical insights to build more resilient agricultural systems and better prepare for the uncertainties ahead.

    While the study offers a fascinating glimpse into the past, it also raises important questions about the future. The climate-driven disruptions to agriculture and society seen in Indian history suggest that the effects of climate change may be more profound than we currently understand. By looking to the past, we may gain critical insights into how to navigate the challenges of tomorrow — ensuring that future generations can thrive despite the shifting climate.

    The study, titled “Climatic Oscillations and Dynastic Trends: A Multiproxy analysis of the past two millennia in the Indian Subcontinent,” was published in the journal Catena. It represents a significant contribution to both the field of palaeoclimatology and the understanding of how environmental factors shaped the human experience in one of the world’s most populous and historically rich regions.

    Image: Wikipedia

    Pakistan’s Flood Survivors Face Disease and Food Insecurity Amid Climate Crisis

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Pakistan’s Flood Survivors Face Disease and Food Insecurity Amid Climate Crisis

    Humanitarian organisations are calling for more robust intervention from the government to address the immediate needs of flood survivors, as well as long-term strategies to combat the impacts of climate change.

    As Pakistan grapples with the aftermath of devastating floods exacerbated by climate change, survivors in Sindh Province are confronting a dire humanitarian crisis marked by rampant disease and acute food insecurity. A recent report by Amnesty International highlights the stark realities faced by these communities, where government inaction has left many without essential support.

    In September 2023, catastrophic flooding swept through Sindh, displacing millions and inundating vast agricultural areas critical for the region’s economy. While the floods were a direct consequence of extreme weather patterns linked to climate change, survivors now face the compounded effects of waterborne diseases and malnutrition. With the government slow to respond, many affected families are left to fend for themselves.

    Testimonies collected by Amnesty International reveal the harrowing experiences of those impacted by the flooding. Many survivors have reported outbreaks of diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea, and malaria, which are proliferating due to stagnant water and inadequate sanitation facilities. The lack of access to clean water has exacerbated these health crises, pushing vulnerable populations further into despair.

    “I have lost everything,” said Fatima, a mother of three, who witnessed her home and crops washed away. “We are now surviving on whatever little food we can find. My children are getting sick every day.” Her story is echoed by countless others in the region who have found themselves in similar predicaments, struggling to secure basic necessities.

    Inadequate Government Response

    Food insecurity is another pressing issue, as the floods have destroyed vital farmland, jeopardizing the livelihoods of many families who depend on agriculture. With the main growing season disrupted, prices of staple foods have soared, making it increasingly difficult for families to afford even the most basic items. Local markets report severe shortages, and many families are resorting to extreme measures to feed their children.

    According to Amnesty’s report, the government’s response to the flooding has been inadequate and slow. While some emergency relief efforts were initially launched, many affected areas remain without consistent support. Humanitarian organisations are calling for more robust intervention from the government to address the immediate needs of flood survivors, as well as long-term strategies to combat the impacts of climate change.

    “The Pakistani government must do more to protect its citizens from climate-related disasters,” said an Amnesty spokesperson. “This includes not only immediate aid for those affected but also investment in sustainable practices that can help communities adapt to a changing climate.”

    The lack of government action has led to a growing sense of frustration among the affected communities. Many residents feel abandoned and are calling for accountability from officials who they believe have failed to prioritize their needs. “We need help now, not promises for the future,” said Ali, a local farmer. “Our crops are gone, and we have no way to support our families.”

    Strong Resilience

    International aid organizations are attempting to fill the gap, providing medical assistance, food supplies, and sanitation facilities. However, the scale of the disaster has overwhelmed these efforts. Reports indicate that while some aid is reaching those in need, bureaucratic hurdles and logistical challenges continue to hinder effective relief distribution.

    As winter approaches, the situation in Sindh could worsen. The threat of further flooding looms, and with inadequate preparation, communities are bracing for another round of potential disasters. Environmental experts warn that without significant changes to disaster preparedness and response strategies, Pakistan’s vulnerability to climate change will only increase.

    The plight of flood survivors in Sindh is a stark reminder of the urgent need for global action on climate change. As the effects of rising temperatures and extreme weather patterns become increasingly evident, the world must pay attention to those suffering the consequences, advocating for both immediate relief and long-term solutions.

    The message is clear, says Amnesty: the resilience of the people of Sindh is strong, but it is a resilience that desperately needs support and recognition in the face of an evolving climate crisis.

    Food Insecurity on the Rise in Afghanistan, 21 Other Nations, Warns UN Report

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Food Insecurity on the Rise in Afghanistan, 21 Other Nations, Warns UN Report

    Despite a marginal improvement in food security since peak hunger levels in 2021 and 2022 — thanks largely to massive food and nutrition assistance — more than a quarter of the Afghan population still faces hunger.

    In a sobering joint report, the World Food Program (WFP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations have identified a growing trend of food insecurity across 22 countries, with Afghanistan highlighted as a critical Hunger Hotspot. The report, which details the alarming situation, underscores how conflict, climate change, and economic pressures are pushing millions into dire conditions in the coming months.

    Afghanistan’s struggles are particularly stark. Mir Shakib Mir, an economic expert, noted that the country’s high poverty levels necessitate international assistance to stave off further economic decline. “We must set aside differences with UN agencies to ensure that aid continues,” he urged, stressing that the Afghan population’s suffering must take precedence.

    Abdul Naseer Reshtia, another economic affairs expert, pointed to a multitude of factors contributing to food insecurity, including persistent conflicts, recurrent droughts, and widespread poverty. He emphasized that many Afghans lack access to three nutritious meals a day, with unemployment exacerbating the crisis. Reshtia called for significant investment in agricultural infrastructure as a means to combat the food shortages.

    The Afghan Ministry of Economy has identified combating food insecurity and reducing poverty as top priorities. Deputy Minister Abdul Latif Nazari highlighted the need for the international community to lift economic restrictions and release Afghanistan’s frozen assets. “There is a moral and legal responsibility to help the Afghan people regain access to their assets, facilitating economic growth and the development of national projects,” Nazari stated.

    Environmental Challenges

    Despite a marginal improvement in food security since peak hunger levels in 2021 and 2022 — thanks largely to massive food and nutrition assistance — more than a quarter of the Afghan population still faces hunger. Alarmingly, 2.4 million individuals are experiencing emergency levels of food insecurity. This grim reality keeps Afghanistan alongside other nations enduring severe hunger crises.

    Environmental challenges compound these issues. Erratic weather patterns have become increasingly common, with devastating flash floods occurring after years of drought. These disasters force families to abandon their homes, contributing to a growing urban poor population. Experts warn that the impacts of climate change are expected to worsen, with flooding losses likely to escalate annually.

    The WFP says that as the nation grapples with the remnants of decades of conflict, entrenched poverty, and a worsening climate crisis, the call for immediate action and international support has never been more urgent. The implications of this growing food insecurity extend beyond Afghanistan, signalling a global crisis that requires concerted efforts from the international community.

    Sri Lanka’s Lawyers Collective Urges Repeal of Controversial Prevention of Terrorism Act

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Sri Lanka’s Lawyers Collective Urges Repeal of Controversial Prevention of Terrorism Act

    The calls for the PTA’s repeal have gained traction both nationally and internationally, with growing support from various political factions. However, successive governments have yet to act on these demands.

    Sri Lanka’s Lawyers Collective, a prominent legal advocacy group in the island nation, has voiced serious concerns over recent government statements suggesting that the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA) may be retained by the new administration. The PTA, enacted in 1979, has long been criticized for facilitating arbitrary detentions and human rights abuses, including torture.

    In a statement released this week, the Lawyers Collective condemned the government’s indications that the PTA will remain in effect. “The PTA is widely recognized as a draconian law that grants expansive executive powers, typically reserved for emergency situations, and has been misused in ordinary times,” the group stated.

    The Lawyers Collective highlighted that the act undermines fundamental rights such as protection from arbitrary arrest, torture, and freedom of expression. The organization emphasized that the PTA has resulted in profound suffering, particularly among minorities and those who critique the government. “Its implementation has instilled fear and enabled impunity against citizens,” they added.

    The calls for the PTA’s repeal have gained traction both nationally and internationally, with growing support from various political factions. However, successive governments have yet to act on these demands.

    On October 29, 2024, J M Wijebandara, the Director-General (Legal) at the Presidential Secretariat, stated that the government is not concerned with the PTA’s existence as a law, but rather its misuse against civil activists and journalists. He assured that the government would not tolerate such abuses, insisting that the PTA would only be applied based on “credible intelligence.”

    Election Manifesto

    Cabinet Spokesman Minister Vijitha Herath echoed this sentiment, mentioning ongoing discussions about the PTA’s future, but noted that any changes would likely come only after the new Parliament is elected.

    The National People’s Power (NPP), in its recent Election Manifesto, pledged to abolish oppressive legislation, including the PTA. Given the public mandate received in the recent presidential elections, the Lawyers Collective expressed alarm at the government’s failure to reaffirm its commitment to repeal the Act.

    The Lawyers Collective is calling on President Anura Kumara Dissanayake to clarify the government’s stance on the PTA and to publicly commit to its repeal. They urged all political parties to unite in the next Parliament to ensure that Sri Lanka’s counter-terrorism laws align with human rights protections.

    “If emergency powers are deemed necessary, they must be limited to times of declared emergency,” the group stated, emphasizing that such measures would help strengthen the rule of law and restore public confidence in governance.

    As the debate over the PTA continues, the Lawyers Collective says it remains steadfast in advocating for reforms that prioritize human rights and the protection of civil liberties in Sri Lanka.

    Bangladesh: Constitutional Reform Commission Launches Public Feedback Website

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Bangladesh: Constitutional Reform Commission Launches Public Feedback Website

    The commission aims to consult a diverse array of stakeholders, including constitutional experts, lawyers, civil society representatives, and youth activists. They are set to gather written input from groups like the Anti-discrimination Student Movement and the Jatiya Nagorik Committee.

    The head of Bangladesh’s Constitutional Reform Commission, Ali Riaz, announced the launch of a website designed to gather public opinions on the proposed constitutional changes being discussed by Bangladeshi civil society currently.

    Addressing a press conference, Riaz revealed that the platform would be accessible to citizens starting Tuesday.

    Riaz clarified that the commission would not directly engage with political parties regarding reform suggestions. Instead, he stated that the commission would reach out to political groups for written feedback and specific proposals. “It is the government’s role to discuss these recommendations with the political parties,” he noted, emphasizing that the commission would carefully review all submissions for potential inclusion in the reform process.

    The commission aims to consult a diverse array of stakeholders, including constitutional experts, lawyers, civil society representatives, and youth activists. They are set to gather written input from groups like the Anti-discrimination Student Movement and the Jatiya Nagorik Committee, with discussions planned to commence next week.

    Riaz specified that the commission would not seek input from the ousted Awami League or its affiliates, particularly excluding those involved in violent actions during the student protests in July and August.

    These reforms were initiated by the interim government following the collapse of Sheikh Hasina’s administration on August 5 amid widespread student protests. Originally led by lawyer Shahdeen Malik, the commission is now headed by Riaz, who has long advocated for constitutional revisions.

    The commission’s mandate includes reviewing Bangladesh’s constitution to ensure it reflects the public’s aspirations and promotes effective democracy. Riaz indicated that proposed reforms could involve amendments, deletions, or even a complete rewrite of the country’s constitution.

    Mahfuz Alam, special assistant to the Chief Advisor and a student representative on the commission, expressed optimism about the government’s commitment to leading the reform initiative.

    Indigenous Transponders Become Lifeline for Fishermen During Cyclone DANA

    OWSA Staff
    -
    0
    Indigenous Transponders Become Lifeline for Fishermen During Cyclone DANA

    The implementation of the Vessel Communication and Support System, particularly the Nabhmitra Application, enhanced safety during the crisis. This application enabled real-time tracking of vessel positions, allowing officials to monitor the speed and location of each boat.

    As Cyclone DANA approached the eastern coast of India in late October 2024, fishermen faced an uncertain future at sea. However, thanks to the innovative Vessel Communication and Support System, equipped with indigenous transponder technology, many were able to receive critical warnings and return to shore safely. This initiative, part of the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana, was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Palghar, Maharashtra, with a significant outlay of ₹364 crores aimed at enhancing the safety and security of fishermen.

    The Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairying (MoFAH&D) has taken the lead in distributing these transponders at no cost to fishermen. The transponders, developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and implemented through NewSpace India Ltd (NSIL), are a game-changer for those working in the challenging maritime environment of India’s coastal regions. The plan includes installing these devices on one lakh fishing vessels across all 13 coastal states and Union Territories, ensuring that fishermen have access to reliable communication even beyond mobile coverage areas.

    Odisha has been particularly proactive in the installation of these transponders, with over 1,000 devices deployed prior to the cyclone’s arrival. As Cyclone DANA intensified, the Odisha State Relief Commissioner issued real-time alerts based on reports from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), warning fishermen of the impending danger. The timely issuance of advisories through the Vessel Communication and Support System proved to be a lifeline for many.

    Nabhmitra Application

    On October 20, as the cyclone approached, messages were broadcast to fishermen still at sea. These communications, sent via satellites, included urgent instructions to avoid venturing into the waters and to return to shore immediately. The messages, delivered in both English and the local language, Odia, ensured that all fishermen understood the gravity of the situation. Alerts read: “Fishermen out at sea are advised to return to the coast immediately,” and “Fishermen are advised not to venture into the sea off Odisha Coast from October 21 to 26.”

    Historically, fishermen relied on Very High Frequency (VHF) radios and phone calls, which often proved ineffective. Many boat owners struggled to provide accurate locations, making it challenging for authorities to communicate effectively with vessels scattered over vast areas. With the new system, officials could send mass messages quickly, prompting fishermen to take decisive action well before the cyclone made landfall.

    The implementation of the Vessel Communication and Support System, particularly the Nabhmitra Application, enhanced safety during the crisis. This application enabled real-time tracking of vessel positions, allowing officials to monitor the speed and location of each boat. This capability was crucial for estimating when fishermen could safely return to shore. Nabhmitra provided comprehensive data, including boat numbers, transponder IDs, and real-time updates on weather conditions, thereby equipping fishermen with the information needed to navigate the storm.

    The application also offered vital details about the cyclone itself, including its category, coordinates, and maximum wind speeds, which allowed fishermen to prepare adequately for the adverse weather conditions. By having access to such crucial information, fishermen were better positioned to respond to the cyclone’s threat.

    Multilingual Capabilities

    As Cyclone DANA bore down on Odisha, the ability to track approximately 126 vessels from Paradeep exemplified the effectiveness of this system. Thanks to the proactive measures taken, all boats returned safely by October 22, ahead of the cyclone’s impact. The clear and immediate communication facilitated by the Vessel Communication and Support System allowed fishermen to heed warnings and prioritize their safety.

    The multilingual capabilities of the system ensured that messages were understood across diverse linguistic backgrounds, eliminating potential barriers to communication. This feature proved critical, as many fishermen may not have been fluent in English or Hindi. By using local dialects, authorities effectively conveyed the urgency of the situation, enhancing the overall response.

    The seamless coordination between various agencies, including the Department of Fisheries, the Coast Guard, and local authorities, was crucial during this crisis. This collaborative approach allowed for effective resource allocation and swift action, showcasing the importance of inter-agency cooperation in emergency situations.

    The successful deployment of the Vessel Communication and Support System during Cyclone DANA marks a significant advancement in disaster preparedness and crisis management in India. This initiative not only protects livelihoods but also strengthens the resilience of coastal communities facing natural disasters. It highlights the transformative potential of technology in enhancing maritime safety and emphasizes the necessity for ongoing investment in safety infrastructure.

    Maritime Safety Framework

    As India looks to bolster its maritime safety framework, the lessons learned from the response to Cyclone DANA will undoubtedly inform future initiatives. The deployment of indigenous transponders and the effectiveness of real-time communication during this crisis have set a new standard in maritime safety. The ability to safeguard fishermen at sea and facilitate timely responses to natural threats exemplifies how innovative technology can empower communities and protect lives.

    In conclusion, the Vessel Communication and Support System has proven to be an invaluable asset for fishermen during Cyclone DANA, ensuring their safety and security. As India continues to innovate in disaster management, the successful integration of such advanced technologies offers hope for a more secure future for its coastal fishing communities. The path to safety, illuminated by the effective use of indigenous technology, empowers fishermen to navigate nature’s challenges with greater confidence and preparedness.

    Afghanistan Faces Humanitarian Catastrophe as Child Malnutrition Soars

    OWSA Contributor
    -
    0
    Afghanistan Faces Humanitarian Catastrophe as Child Malnutrition Soars

    In addition to food insecurity, Afghanistan faces ongoing challenges related to health care access. Many health facilities have shut down or are operating at reduced capacity, making it difficult for families to seek treatment for malnutrition and other health issues.

    As Afghanistan continues to navigate an unprecedented humanitarian crisis, alarming reports indicate that nearly half of all children under five in the country are suffering from acute malnutrition. This grim statistic emerges from a combination of economic collapse, food shortages, and climate-related disasters that have left millions struggling to survive.

    The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) has drawn attention to the urgent need for intervention, revealing that the crisis is exacerbated by a perfect storm of factors. In addition to rampant inflation and loss of livelihoods, recent climate events—such as severe droughts and flooding—have decimated agricultural yields, further restricting access to food for already vulnerable populations.

    Many families have been pushed into a cycle of despair, with parents unable to afford even the most basic food items. Reports indicate that the price of staples has skyrocketed, leaving families with little choice but to forgo meals or rely on unsafe alternatives. The IFRC emphasises that without immediate humanitarian assistance, the malnutrition crisis will only worsen, leading to long-term health implications for children.

    Women and girls are disproportionately affected by this crisis, as societal norms often limit their access to resources, the IFRC says. Many women report feeling helpless in the face of rising food prices and dwindling household income, exacerbating the challenges of raising healthy children. A mother of three in Kabul shared her distress, stating, “I used to be able to provide for my children, but now I can’t even buy enough bread for them. I worry every day about their health and future.”

    Health Facilities Shut Down

    The economic landscape of Afghanistan has shifted dramatically since the Taliban’s takeover in August 2021, when international aid was largely suspended. With approximately 80 per cent of the Afghan population relying on humanitarian assistance, the cessation of aid has plunged the country into further hardship. In recent months, reports of increasing food insecurity have surged, with many families skipping meals or selling off personal belongings to survive.

    According to a report from Radio Liberty, women are particularly vulnerable in this environment, facing significant barriers to accessing healthcare and nutrition. Many have been forced to navigate a system that restricts their freedom and agency, leaving them reliant on male relatives for support. The compounded effects of malnutrition among mothers and children raise urgent concerns about the future of Afghanistan’s next generation.

    The IFRC has underscored the necessity of urgent action, calling for increased international support and resources to alleviate the suffering of millions. “This crisis requires a coordinated response from the global community,” said a spokesperson for the organisation. “Without immediate action, we risk losing an entire generation of Afghan children to malnutrition and its consequences.”

    In addition to food insecurity, Afghanistan faces ongoing challenges related to health care access. Many health facilities have shut down or are operating at reduced capacity, making it difficult for families to seek treatment for malnutrition and other health issues. The situation is further complicated by the socio-political landscape, which limits women’s ability to seek help or navigate healthcare systems.

    Winter Approaches

    Grassroots organisations and local NGOs are stepping up to fill some of the gaps left by international aid, providing food distributions and health services where they can. However, these efforts often fall short of meeting the vast needs of the population. One local health worker noted, “We are doing our best, but the resources are limited. We need more support to reach those who are suffering the most.”

    Despite the dire situation, there are glimmers of hope. Community leaders and organisations are working together to raise awareness about malnutrition and health issues, encouraging families to seek help and support one another. Educational programmes aimed at mothers are beginning to emerge, teaching nutrition and childcare practices that can help combat malnutrition at the community level.

    Yet, the clock is ticking. Experts warn that without a significant influx of aid and a renewed focus on addressing both the immediate and underlying causes of the crisis, Afghanistan could face devastating long-term consequences. The health and well-being of children are at stake, and as families struggle to secure basic necessities, the international community is urged to act swiftly and decisively.

    The situation in Afghanistan is a stark reminder of the human cost of political instability and economic collapse. As the world watches, the urgency for a coordinated humanitarian response grows ever more critical. The lives of countless children hang in the balance, and the time to act is now.

    As winter approaches and the harsh conditions intensify, Afghan families, especially women and children, remain on the front lines of a humanitarian catastrophe. Only through concerted global action can there be hope for a brighter future for Afghanistan’s most vulnerable citizens.

    1...454647...205Page 46 of 205
    Bangladesh

    Yunus Warns of ‘War-Like Situation’ Amid Political Crisis and Rising Tensions

    The high-stakes meeting brought together 20 leaders from various political parties and organisations in two separate sessions, as Yunus sought to shore up support amid reports of internal tensions within his interim government and growing external pressure.
    Climate change

    New Projections Show Extreme Glacier Loss Already at 2°C

    Staying close to 1.5°C on the other hand preserves at least some glacier ice in all regions, even Scandinavia, with 20-30 per cent remaining in the four most sensitive regions; and 40-45 per cent in the Himalayas and Caucuses; stressing the growing urgency of the 1.5°C temperature goal and rapid decarbonization to achieve it.
    Agri-business

    Sri Lanka and New Zealand Eye Stronger Economic and Educational Ties

    Beyond trade, both nations expressed keen interest in enhancing vocational training collaboration, with a specific focus on developing industry-aligned skills for Sri Lankan youth.

    Editor Picks

    Climate Change

    Hot Topics

    About OWSA

    OWSA aims to be the place global citizens turn to for news and views concerning human development from across SouthAsia – the kind of news untouched by the mainstream media. We do not sell fear.

    Follow Us

    © 2021 All Rights Reserved. www.owsa.in