Middle East

The report underscores persistent questions about accountability for civilian harm. Related reporting on the region has highlighted ongoing challenges in post-conflict justice and the human costs of prolonged international military engagement.

While natural climate variability such as El Niño plays a role, the background warming linked to climate change adds to the heat available to these systems.

The challenge is ensuring that the burden of short-term sacrifice does not fall disproportionately on the poorest fishers.